While there may be no obvious signs of nasopharyngeal cancer, most people with this disease notice a lump in their neck. The lump may appear on one side of the neck or on both sides, facing backwards. The lump may be painless and is often surrounded by lymph nodes, which contain immune system cells. Lymph nodes are found throughout the body and are normally small, like a pea.
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Nasopharyngeal cancer occurs in the back of the mouth, above the soft palate. The cancer often travels to other areas, such as the lymph nodes and organs. Interestingly, this cancer is often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, the same virus that causes mononucleosis. Additionally, salt-cured meat is linked to increased risk of nasopharyngeal cancer.
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The most common type of nasopharyngeal cancer is non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma (NKU). The other types of nasopharyngea are keratinizing differentiated carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The nasopharynx is the part of the body where lymph and immune system cells reside. Cancer cells can migrate to any of the lymph nodes, including the throat and neck.
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The first step is to determine whether you have this type of cancer. Adenocarcinoma, or head and neck cancer, starts in the small salivary glands in the nasopharynx and can spread to the throat and mouth. Fortunately, it is relatively rare in the UK and can be diagnosed with a simple physical exam by your GP. Occasionally, a specialist will perform a procedure called a nasendoscopy to examine the inside of your throat, voice box, and nose.
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Surgical treatment may be necessary for nasopharyngeal cancer. This procedure may remove the cancer cells or reconstruct the area with reconstruction surgery. In addition to the surgical procedure, targeted drug therapy may also be used. This treatment works to attack cancer cells by targeting their abnormalities. It is important to see a specialist as soon as possible if you experience any of the symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer.
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The majority of cases of nasopharyngeal cancer are diagnosed when the patient goes to the doctor. Symptoms can mimic those of a common cold. The doctor will perform a physical exam and take a detailed medical history. If the symptoms are severe, they may refer you to an ENT specialist. Most doctors lack the proper equipment to conduct a complete examination of the nasopharynx.
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MRI scans are an important part of the diagnosis for nasopharyngeal cancer. They produce detailed cross-sectional images of the body. An MRI of the head and neck area can reveal the size of the tumor and whether or not it is spreading. A CT scan can also detect enlarged lymph nodes and cancerous cells. If the cancer has spread to the bones in the base of the skull, it may be detected by a CT scan.
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External radiotherapy is another treatment option. During this procedure, high-energy radiation beams are focused on a specific area of the neck. Known as stereotactic radiation therapy, this type of treatment delivers radiation to the tumour while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. External radiotherapy is another option. It is given to patients with nasopharyngeal cancer in several sessions over a few days.
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As part of the Epstein-Barr virus, nasopharyngeal cancer is prone to being diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. EBV infections typically occur during childhood, but some people may not realize they have been infected with the virus. In the United States, this virus is known as mononucleosis. The virus is common worldwide and is also present in the blood of people with nasopharyngeal cancer.
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