Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a form of cancer that forms in the keratinocytes of the epidermis. It is the second most common nonmelanoma form of skin cancer, after basal cell carcinoma. This type of cancer can be caused by cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppression, as well as the use of tanning beds. Treatment for squamous cell cancer includes traditional surgical excision, immunotherapy, and nonsurgical destruction.
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If a patient's cSCC is not treatable by surgery, it may be treated with radiation therapy. The treatment uses X-rays to kill the cancer cells and shrink tumors. Although radiation is not a primary treatment for squamous cell cancer, it is often recommended for patients who have limited options for surgery. Some patients may also benefit from photodynamic therapy, which involves applying a light-sensitive topical agent to the affected area. This therapy targets malignant cells while sparing healthy tissue.
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The most common warning sign of squamous cell carcinoma is a change in the skin. New growth, crusty patches, or sores that do not heal may be a sign of the cancer. It may begin as a small, smooth, pale, waxy, or firm red lump. Most often, squamous cell cancer develops in areas that are exposed to the sun, but it can affect any part of the body.
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is caused by mutations in the DNA of squamous cells. These mutations cause the cells to grow out of control. Most squamous cell carcinomas are caused by exposure to ultraviolet light from the sun. For those with dark skin, these mutations are more likely to occur on the face, anus, and mouth.
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In most cases, squamous cell cancer will present itself as a small, flat lump on the face or upper lip. However, it can also develop into a larger tumor. If you notice any of the signs or symptoms described above, you should see your doctor. The doctor may order a biopsy to see if the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes. It may also spread through your bloodstream or through your lymph vessels to distant locations.
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Squamous cell cancer is most common on sun-exposed areas of the body, including the face, neck, and back. It is rare in the genital region. Symptoms of squamous cell skin cancer can range from an itchy or tender spot to a red, painful patch. It may also cause sores, numbness, or tingling in the affected area.
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Symptoms and treatment for squamous cell skin cancer depend on its severity and location. A doctor may choose to remove the cancer or examine the surrounding tissue with a microscope. However, if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or organs, a biopsy may be necessary. Regardless of the method used, early diagnosis is critical to ensuring your treatment is successful.
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After diagnosis, squamous cell skin cancer is treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. These treatments harness the power of the immune system to kill the cancer cells. The immunotherapy drug Libtayo (r) blocks a protein called PD-1 on T-cells. Another treatment for squamous cell skin cancer is EGFR inhibitors, which have shown to shrink some tumors. EGFR inhibitors are sometimes used in combination with chemotherapy.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer and is often caused by sun exposure. The cancer can spread to nearby lymph nodes and tissues and even bones. Fortunately, if it is detected early, it can be easily treated. Squamous cell carcinoma symptoms are varied and vary depending on its location and the extent of disease. A diagnosis is important and can help you make an informed decision about treatment.
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If detected early, squamous cell cancer is very treatable. Fortunately, skin cancer is the most common cancer type in U.S. adults, and it is also the most curable. However, it is important to note that because skin cancer is not legally mandated to be reported to cancer registries, the five-year relative survival rate of patients with this type of cancer is 95 percent.