The symptoms of craniopharyngioma in childhood are similar to those of other diseases of the head and neck. The child will usually experience a headache, but may also have other signs and symptoms. Treatment will depend on the size and location of the tumor. Depending on the type of craniopharyngioma, surgery is often the first step. If the tumor is not a threat to the child's life, radiation therapy may be used. This treatment is focused on the parts of the tumor that remain after the surgery.
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Most craniopharyngiomas occur in childhood. There are no known causes for craniopharyngiomas, but they are believed to develop during brain development. The pituitary gland and Rathke's pouch are thought to play a role in developing the tumor. In most cases, treatment involves removal of the tumor. However, if the cancer does not respond to treatment, it can spread to other areas of the brain and cause problems with vision and hormone function.
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The symptoms of craniopharyngioma in childhood are very different from those of other types of brain tumors. Children usually develop craniopharyngiomas between the ages of five and fourteen, but they can occur in adults, too. Symptoms of craniopharyngioma depend on the size and location of the tumor. Doctors will ask about the child's symptoms to determine whether or not the tumor is the problem. They will also take a physical and neurological exam to determine if there are any other causes for the tumor.
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The most common craniopharyngioma in childhood is Adamantinomatous. This condition is found in between two and four percent of the child population. It is characterized by two distinct parts: a solid part and a cyst. The solid part contains dense nests of squamous epithelium surrounded by loose aggregates of stellate reticulum. The cystic portion has a yellow-brown fluid, which is often filled with a white or gray-white substance. In some cases, the patient will need to undergo radiation therapy to shrink the tumor.
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Although the cause of craniopharyngiomas is unknown, they are believed to form during the brain's development. During the early stages of development, the tumors may grow in the region where the optic nerves cross the pituitary gland. Because the tumor may grow from remnant tissue from an early pregnancy, it can cause visual symptoms in children. The most common symptom of craniopharyngioma in childhood is a headache.
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The main symptom of craniopharyngioma in childhood is pressure on the brain caused by the tumor. To relieve the symptoms, the tumor is removed. Surgery may remove most of the tumor by cutting the skull and upper lip. If the child is suffering from hydrocephalus, the surgeon will need to place a drain in their nose or skull to remove the water. After surgery, the child will likely need radiation therapy to shrink the tumor.
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A craniopharyngioma in childhood is typically noncancerous. It can grow to a large size and place pressure on various parts of the brain. It can interfere with a child's hormone production, causing early or delayed puberty. Because of the pressure on the brain, it is important to get it diagnosed early. Once the tumor is identified, treatment options can be individualized.
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The primary symptoms of craniopharyngioma in childhood include a headache and difficulty breathing. A child will also report difficulty with swallowing and constipation. The patient may experience pain in the throat and/or throat. An exam may be necessary to diagnose the disease. Several conditions can cause these signs and symptoms. Some children will experience a tumor that will cause them to have trouble eating.
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Headache is a common symptom of craniopharyngioma in childhood. This may be caused by increased intracranial pressure or meningeal irritation from the cystic fluid. In severe cases, a patient may also experience visual changes. The child's vision is usually unaffected and rarely changes. The child will be aware of these changes, but they might not realize they are developing a tumor.
