Anal cancer is a serious medical condition that can affect the anus or rectum. It is usually not visible to the naked eye, and it only manifests as difficulty controlling bowel movements. Besides this, many people have no symptoms at all. In fact, 20 out of 100 people diagnosed with anal cancer have no symptoms at all. The good news is that early detection of anal cancer is crucial for survival.
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Symptoms of anal cancer include a pain in the rectum, and a feeling of fullness. The symptoms may also be due to haemorrhoids or tears in the anal canal. Most of the cases of anal cancer are caused by the human papilloma virus. Symptoms are determined through digital anorectal examinations and the collection of a tissue sample for testing.
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The first step in treatment of anal cancer is determining the stage of the disease. The tumour size should be no more than two centimeters. If it is larger, it is called stage II. The next step is surgery. If the tumour is stage IIIA or IIIB, the doctor may perform an abdomino-perineal resection. The procedure also involves removing a part of the rectum, lymph nodes near the anus, and the groin. A permanent stoma is created and the patient is assigned a stoma nurse, who assists them in living with their new colostomy.
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Once the cancer has spread to the rectum, patients may experience an abdomino-perineal resection. This involves the removal of part of the anus and some lymph nodes in the groin. The surgical procedure creates a permanent stoma, which is a small opening in the anus. During recovery, patients may experience pain in the anus and changes in bowel movements.
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The stage of anal cancer is determined by its size and location. Anal cancer may spread to other parts of the body. If the cancer is stage II, it is usually confined to the anus. A surgical resection will remove the entire anus, rectum, and lymph nodes in the groin. The surgery will create a permanent stoma. If the tumour has spread to lymph nodes, it is considered stage IIIB.
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In the case of stage IIIB, the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the rectum. Anal cancer has three stages. Each stage varies in its treatment options. In case of stage I, the cancer is two centimetres or less. The third stage is larger than two centimetres. During stage II, the cancer has spread to the lymph node in the rectum.
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Depending on the T-stage of the tumour, the clinical presentation varies. Early stage cancer is less severe than stage IIIA. It may have spread to nearby organs. Eventually, it may spread to distant parts of the body. However, the clinical presentation is similar for patients with both types of tumors. If anal cancer is caught early, patients can continue their daily activities. They may be able to resume work and other normal activities as a result of chemoradiation and radiotherapy.
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The earliest symptoms of anal cancer include bleeding and pain during bowel movements. The cancer can also damage the sphincter muscle, which can take months to heal. Proton therapy is one of the treatment options for anal cancer, but it is rarely recommended in most cases. This treatment option is not recommended unless a patient can no longer tolerate pain. If the pain persists, the cancer is most likely in the anus.
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Although the symptoms of anal cancer may seem vague, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. The cancer may be in a stage I or stage II. It is characterized by a small, round tumour. Its size is not a problem for most people, though it may cause discomfort. Depending on the stage of the disease, the cancer can be detected and treated early. It will not spread to other parts of the body.
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Anal cancer is a type of cancer in the anus that occurs on the anus. There are two types of anal cancer: adenocarcinoma, which affects the anus and sphincter muscles, and basal cell carcinoma, which is a type of skin cancer that typically affects the gastrointestinal tract. Anal cancer is a rare disease that affects the anus, and if detected early, it can lead to fatal consequences.