A thorough physical exam and a biopsy are the first steps in diagnosing anal cancer. It affects approximately one percent of all intestine cancers, and one out of every hundred adults in the U.S. will be diagnosed with the condition this year. An anal biopsy may be performed under local anesthetic. The size of the tumor is also an important factor in the diagnosis. Stage 0 is a relatively early stage, while stage 1 is advanced and involves a tumor less than 2 centimeters (1 inch) in diameter and no evidence of the disease spreading to lymph nodes.
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Early stage anal cancers can be treated with surgical removal of the affected skin. If the tumor is small, it can be removed with minimal surgery. Surgical removal of the tumor is the only option for smaller tumors in the anal wall, and the condition usually does not require radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Depending on the type of cancer, treatment may be a combination of treatments, such as radiation or chemotherapy. However, depending on the stage of the disease, treatment will vary significantly.
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Anal cancer has three stages, which are marked by their size and progression. If a tumor is small, it is considered stage I. When a tumor grows to a larger size, it is classified as stage II. When the tumour reaches a size of 2cm, it is classified as stage II. In stage IIIA, the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes near the anus and groin. In stage IIIB, the cancer has metastasized to distant organs or other parts of the body. Anal cancer has three types and treatment depends on the stage.
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A multidisciplinary team will be assembled to diagnose the cancer and recommend the most appropriate treatment. This team will evaluate whether there is a need for further treatment. If a cancer has spread to other parts of the body, surgery may be required. In this case, the tumour may be removed. The patient will have a colostomy and may require chemotherapy. This treatment will depend on the type of cancer and the extent of its spread.
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Surgical treatment is not a common option in the treatment of anal cancer. The only options available for this disease are chemotherapy and radiotherapy. During the initial stage, an anal cancer is treated with radiation and chemotherapy. It is also possible to treat it by using radiation. Aside from surgery, anal cancer symptoms can include bleeding and discomfort. In many cases, it takes a year to cure the disease and return to normal activities.
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Surgery is another option for treatment of anal cancer. It is typically only considered if a tumour is small and chemoradiation has failed to work. During a local excision, a small tumor is cut out. A local excision involves anaesthetic and can be done under general anaesthesia. After a local excision, the patient is required to stay in hospital for a few days. If the tumour is widespread, an abdominal resection will be necessary.
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Anal cancer may be internal or external. A doctor will need to perform a surgical procedure to diagnose the condition. Some patients will experience pain and sensitivity to certain drugs. Anal cancer may not have a noticeable effect on the patient. The symptoms of an anal cancer can vary greatly. While it is best to consult a physician immediately if a tumour is present, it should be treated as soon as possible.
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If the tumor is internal, the surgeon will remove it with a simple resection. An abdominal resection will remove the anus and the rectum. Afterward, the doctor will perform an abdominoperineal resection to remove the entire anus and bowel. A colostomy is required for this surgery. Then, the surgeon will use an anesthetic to reduce any swelling.
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Anal cancer may be internal or external. The former can be cured without surgery, but it can be difficult to diagnose without a medical examination. Although anal cancer does not spread, it is likely to grow in the anus, causing bleeding during bowel movements. Some symptoms of anal cancer may be felt by a person, including a lump in the area. A person may also experience bleeding when he or she stools.
