Astrocytomas in Childhood - Oren Zarif - Astrocytomas in Childhood
Children often exhibit symptoms months or even years before they are diagnosed with astrocytomas. The type and location of the tumor will determine whether or not the child will display symptoms. The treatment for the condition will vary, depending on the location of the tumour and the child's age, general health and the extent of the condition. In some cases, the doctor may decide to recommend chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or both. If the child shows symptoms, the doctor will discuss the best option for treatment.
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Treatment options for astrocytomas in childhood can vary, though some glial tumors tend to occur in specific CNS locations. High-grade astrocytomas, for example, tend to be located above the tentorium in the cerebrum. Some high-grade astrocytomas can spread via the subarachnoid space, but this is rare. If the astrocytoma is not found in a child's CNS, the disease will usually remain in that part of the brain.
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Although glioblastomas are the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in children, there is little data on their risk factors and treatment. Children with astrocytomas are more likely to be diagnosed at a young age and the survival rate is relatively high. The 5-year survival rate is only 20%. This means that pediatric astrocytomas must be detected early. However, the quality of life for children with this disorder will improve with treatment.
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Children with astrocytomas are at risk for brain tumors in the spinal cord. The spinal cord, which runs from the brain stem down the center of the back, contains three thin layers of nerve tissue and vertebrae. These nerves carry messages between the brain and the rest of the body, as well as from the skin to the brain. Most childhood astrocytomas have no known cause, and symptoms vary between children.
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The location of childhood astrocytomas depends on the type of astrocytoma. Low-grade astrocytomas usually occur in the cerebrum. They may occur in children with tuberous sclerosis or neurofibromatosis type 1. Some children may have more than one low-grade tumor in the brain. Grade III and IV astrocytomas can spread to other parts of the body. Typically, they do not spread outside of the CNS, but MRIs will be necessary to evaluate the extent of the tumor.
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The survival rate of astrocytomas in children is estimated. The survival rate for high-grade astrocytomas is about 65%. Patients with this condition are often diagnosed when they are at a young age. While astrocytomas in childhood are rare, they can still be very dangerous. Some doctors may even prescribe radiation therapy as a treatment for their children. These tumors can cause permanent damage, so it is important to seek treatment early.
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The diagnosis of astrocytomas in children can be difficult. These tumors are typically low-grade, and the symptoms of the disorder can be asymptomatic or even fatal. There are several treatments for childhood astrocytomas. For asymptomatic cases, the tumor may be recurrent and require surgery. The risk of recurrent cancer is not high, but there are some treatments that can help the patient cope with the condition.
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Recurrent childhood cerebellar astrocytoma occurs when the tumor returns after the treatment was performed. This type of astrocytoma can occur many years after the initial treatment and may recur in the same location or other parts of the central nervous system. Most commonly, diffuse and fibrillary tumors are more likely to recur. During the initial course of treatment, the tumor is treated and monitored. Then, the child can return to his or her normal lifestyle.
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After treatment, the child will undergo ongoing follow-up care. Depending on the type of astrocytoma and the treatments used, children may have a high chance of being cancer-free. A high-grade astrocytoma is usually treated with surgery. A high-grade tumor may require a second or third surgery. The patient's overall prognosis depends on the type of astrocytomoma.
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Surgical resection is the primary treatment for childhood astrocytomas. Its feasibility depends on the location of the tumor. The optic chiasm/hypothalamus low-grade astrocytoma may not be amenable to surgery. In addition, multilocytic astrocytomas and WHO grade II astrocytomas are less likely to respond to total resection.
