Chordoma in Childhood Symptoms and How to Diagnose it - Oren Zarif - Chordoma in Childhood
The symptoms of chordoma in children and how to diagnose it are the same as those of any other childhood tumor. These tumors are rare and affect about one in a million people. It affects about 300 people each year in the United States. In adults, the prevalence is approximately one per million. In children, it is about five percent. However, it is possible to develop chordoma during childhood.
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A 11-year-old girl was referred to a pediatrician with persistent headache. The physical examination was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 2 cm-diameter mass in the caudal part of the clivus with a low signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging, an unevenly hyperintense lesion on T2-weighted imaging, and strong heterogeneous contrast enhancement on FLAIR sequence. Computed tomography showed a sharply delineated soft-tissue mass without any bone tissue. This finding led to the diagnosis of chordoma in the child.
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In a recent multicentric retrospective study, 40 children with chordoma underwent surgery. The prognosis was favorable in eighty-one percent of cases. Patients underwent radiotherapy postoperatively. The median age at diagnosis was twelve years. The majority of tumors underwent endoscopic endonasal approaches with additional surgical procedures. Only two patients had a gross-total resection and underwent radiation therapy afterward.
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The pediatrician evaluated an 11-year-old girl with a chronic headache and was surprised to find no evidence of a underlying condition. A routine physical examination was negative. An MRI showed a 2 cm mass in the caudal part of the clivus with low signal intensity on T1-weighted imaging. On CT, the mass was detected on T2-weighted imaging with heterogeneous contrast enhancement on the FLAIR sequence. A computed tomography revealed a soft-tissue mass with no bone tissue. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of chordoma was made.
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In a population-based study, 86 children with chordoma were diagnosed. The diagnosis was based on the clinical presentation. The underlying cause was unknown. The patient's parents were notified of the diagnosis. The pediatrician performed the initial surgery. The resulting tumor size was approximately two cm in size. The tumor was found in the caudal part of the clivus.
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In children with chordoma, the symptoms include a recurring or non-recurring headache, neck pain, and back pain. The child may also develop a lump in the neck. The pediatrician will determine whether the tumor has spread and whether it is cancerous. If the tumor has spread, treatment options will vary. The treatment for a chordoma is determined by the location. It may be removed surgically or with radiation therapy.
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Despite the many risks of chordoma, there is no proven cure. With proper diagnosis, the treatment of childhood chordoma depends on the specific cause of the tumor. The first step in the treatment of this tumor is surgery. In this procedure, the tumor must be completely removed, and any residual tissue is discarded. During this procedure, the surgeon must remove all the cancerous cells. If the disease has spread, the surgeon must remove the remaining cells.
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As a child grows, the symptoms of chordoma may improve. Surgical treatments for chordoma are usually recommended for children who are younger than six years. The median age at diagnosis was 12 years. The most common symptoms of chordoma in children were diplopia, headache, and swallowing difficulties. The physical examination was normal. MRI showed a two-centimeter sharply delineated mass in the clivus region of the neck. The MRI also revealed no bone tissue. The patient's condition was treated with chemotherapy.
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The best treatment for chordoma in children is surgery. However, a tumor in the skull base should not be operated upon if it is growing. In addition, patients should not undergo surgery for childhood chordoma if the tumor has spread. They should undergo an imaging test. The treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the disease. The symptoms of chordoma in childhood are often similar to those of the adult form.
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Although the symptoms of chordoma in children are very similar to those of adults, it is important to seek a diagnosis as early as possible. PDQ provides comprehensive, evidence-based information for pediatrics. While it is not meant to provide medical advice, it can provide helpful health information. This program is not a substitute for professional care. If you are unsure about the symptoms of chordoma in childhood, you should consult your physician.
