Chordoma in Childhood Symptoms and Treatment - Oren Zarif - Chordoma in Childhood
A cordoma is a rare form of cancer that can affect the spinal cord and brain. Children have a thin bar on the back called the notochord that supports the spine while it develops in the womb, but this bar disappears before birth. In childhood, a small part of the notochord may grow abnormally, causing a tumor. In children, chordomas may occur anywhere along the spine, including the skull. A gene change in a child's genome causes these cells to divide too quickly.
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In children, the main symptom of chordoma is obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. As a result, CSF can accumulate inside the skull. Children with this condition are often unaware of the problem. Hydrocephalus can lead to several symptoms, depending on the severity of the tumor and the child's age. Depending on the location of the tumor, it can cause nausea, vomiting, double vision, rapid eye movements, and difficulty with balance. In older children, a chordoma can cause headaches, hoarseness, and neck pain.
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The most common symptom of chordoma is a persistent headache. In children, the physical examination is normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a 2 cm mass in the caudal portion of the clivus. MRI also shows a high signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted imaging, and a strong heterogeneous contrast enhancement on the FLAIR sequence. Computed tomography shows the mass is soft tissue with no bone tissue.
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The treatment of chordoma varies among children. Surgical treatment is the first step. The goal is to reduce tumor size and obtain a complete resection. The aim is to remove any tumor remnant without damaging the nerve or vascular structures. Pediatric research on this subject is limited due to the small cohort size, but PDQ's cancer information summary provides current information on the diagnosis and treatment of chordoma. While this is not medical advice, it is intended to assist parents and children.
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Although chordoma is rare, the symptoms of the disease are often difficult to recognize in children. Fortunately, doctors can use imaging to diagnose and treat this disorder. The pediatrician will perform a thorough physical examination to rule out other underlying conditions. The pediatrician will also do a CT scan to determine the extent of any remaining tumor. The doctor may then remove it or perform surgery. The child may have a headache for several days.
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When a child has a chordoma in the cranial base, it can interfere with the function of the sixth nerve and the cranial nerves. It is also possible to develop hydrocephalus, which can result in a number of symptoms, depending on the age of the patient. In older children, the tumor may have spread to other parts of the body. During the first few weeks after a cordoma is diagnosed, the child's bowel habits may change, which may lead to the onset of other problems.
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Symptoms of a chordoma in the cranial base are similar to those of other forms of the tumor. They may affect cranial nerve function. In many cases, the cordoma can affect both nerves. Some of these patients may also experience a variety of symptoms. A typical headache may last for several weeks and may be accompanied by fever and fatigue. The pain is often associated with the tumor.
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A child with a chordoma in the cranial base may also have impaired cranial nerve function. If it involves the sixth nerve, the most common symptoms will be headaches and long tract signs. In most cases, the cordoma in the clivus is located in the sacrum. The patient will probably experience a severe headache. A cervical cordoma in the clivum can cause pain and can be painful.
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Most cases of chordoma in the cranial base are non-malignant and can be benign. However, in some cases, a chordoma in the clivus is associated with a range of symptoms. A child may present with a sudden or constant headache. The most common symptom is headache. Some patients may experience a combination of symptoms, including diplopia and isolated headaches.
