Treatment options for hypopharyngeal cancer vary widely, and are based on the type of tumor and its stage. Some forms are highly invasive, while others are locally confined and asymptomatic. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (NCI) uses a set of prognostic criteria to determine the stage and type of the disease. These are considered "tuberculous carcinomas" because of their poor differentiation from other types of cancer.
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While there is no specific screening test for this type of cancer, there are several symptoms that can indicate the presence of this cancer. These symptoms may include a persistent sore throat, a foreign body sensation, and a change in the voice. Patients with hypopharyngeal cancer should see their primary care provider if any of these symptoms occur or if any other symptoms develop. If symptoms persist for more than a year, your doctor may recommend an additional evaluation.
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The stage of the disease is an important factor in determining treatment options. It describes the extent of the cancer and determines whether the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. If the tumor has spread to the bones or organs, it is known as a "metastasis." A better prognosis is possible if the diagnosis is made at an early stage, as a T1 N0 tumor is less aggressive than T2N1.
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Surgical treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer depends on the type of tumor and its stage. Most commonly, squamous cell carcinomas begin as a dysplasia (a benign growth) and do not progress into cancer. However, the earliest form of cancer is known as a "carcinoma in situ". Minor salivary glands can also develop cancers in the hypopharynx. These tumors produce mucus and saliva.
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A stage IVC tumor may not spread to the larynx, but may spread to lymph nodes and other organs. At this stage, the cancer has already spread to the lymph nodes and the other organs in the body. Although a stage IVC tumor is limited to the larynx, it may extend to the neck and liver. A stage IIVC tumor may spread to other parts of the body.
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The stage of hypopharyngeal cancer is determined by the size and location of the tumor. Depending on the stage of the cancer, it may be T1 or N2, and it may be in its early stages or have spread to lymph nodes. In addition to the TNM, patients may have one or more metastases. If cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, it is classified as a stage IV.
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Patients with hypopharyngeal cancer may experience pain, bleeding, and poor swallowing. If it spreads to other organs, treatment options may vary. The stage of the disease affects the quality of life of the patient and their families. For patients with the disease, the stage is an important factor in determining the optimal treatment for the patient. If the tumor is located in the hypopharynx, the symptoms of the disease may include malnutrition and a variety of discomforts.
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The stage of hypopharyngeal cancer is determined by the size, location, and aggressiveness of the cancer cells. It is most likely to be stage II or a smaller form. It can be diagnosed by examining the tissues of the throat and neck and performing imaging tests. For example, doctors will look for a mass in the area of the mouth and throat to determine its location and size. It is possible to have a metastatic spread of the disease in the lymph nodes and chest.
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Symptoms of hypopharyngeal cancer include a globus, dysphagia, and lymphoma. These symptoms can occur in a variety of other types of cancer, including lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical lymphadenopathy. In addition, the patient may have other conditions, such as high esophageal cancer and squamous cell carcinoma.
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While most patients do not exhibit any symptoms of hypopharyngeal cancer, it is important to have a thorough physical examination to rule out other types of cancer. Symptoms of hypopharyngeal cancer are usually mild or nonexistent in the early stages. Sometimes, they may only appear if the disease is in the throat. Other symptoms may include hemoptysis, laryngeal stridor, or direct extension into the arytenoid cartilage.