If you've been diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, you probably want to know what your treatment options are. There are many options for treatment and there's no one cure for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. But you should be aware of the symptoms of metastatic squamous cancer. These symptoms include:
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In addition to the symptoms of the disease itself, your doctor can also use tests to detect whether the cancer has spread. The primary tumor is typically in another organ, like the lungs. Sometimes, the cancer has spread from the primary source to the neck. This type of cancer can be occult or have a history of spreading elsewhere. In any case, if the tumor is found in the neck, it is likely metastatic.
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A biopsy will determine if your squamous cell cancer is localized or metastatic. If you have a large tumor that is only a few millimeters in diameter, you might have a low-risk squamous cell cancer. These tumors are not deep and don't involve any structures other than the surrounding fat. On the other hand, high-risk tumors in the head and neck typically involve the central face, the cheeks, the scalp, and the neck. Moreover, they invade nerves. High-risk squamous cell cancers are often recurrent, arising from previously radiated tissues, or in patients with immune deficiencies.
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In addition to the aforementioned symptoms, patients may experience other physical signs, such as a sore or a mass in the neck. The doctor may want to examine the neck and head to rule out other diseases and malignancies. Other possible diagnoses include salivary gland tumor, sarcoma, and lymphoma. Benign diseases include tuberculous disease, aphthous ulcers, and chancres.
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A tumor of any size may have spread to a lymph node, which may be the next location. This type of cancer is considered to be stage 4b. The tumor may have metastasized to lymph nodes or distant sites. The tumor is smaller than 6 centimeters in diameter and has spread to lymph nodes or distant sites. Cancer cells in lymph nodes may have metastasized to distant locations.
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The location of the cancer is important in determining how to treat it. Head and neck cancer is often called bronchial or tracheal cancer, since it starts in the trachea. In rare cases, the tumor has spread to lymph nodes in the neck. The most common symptom of this cancer is a mass in the neck. The affected area may also be experiencing changes in hearing, difficulty swallowing, or pain when swallowing.
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Patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck should be evaluated by a doctor who can perform surgery. Surgery can alter the patient's appearance, and the ability to speak or swallow may be altered permanently. Neck lymph node removal may cause swelling and change in the appearance of the skin. Some patients may experience jaw stiffness after surgery. If the cancer has spread to lymph nodes, the patient may need chemotherapy.
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Head and neck squamous cell cancer of the head and neck may manifest with a white or red patch in the mouth. The tumor may also cause discomfort when chewing, earache, and sore throat. These symptoms can indicate the presence of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the neck. The cancer may also have spread to other parts of the body, including the liver and brain.
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Treatment options for patients with head and neck cancer include surgical, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Postoperative chemotherapy is a standard therapy for patients with head and neck cancer. It may be necessary in cases where the cancer has spread to lymph nodes or to other parts of the body. Rehabilitation may also be required. Physical therapy is a crucial component of recovery. Physical therapy can relieve symptoms of scapular winging, or the inability to fully abduct the arm. Physical therapy is often recommended after spinal accessory nerve resection. Physical therapy can also help patients with voice problems. Voice rehabilitation options include artificial larynges, tracheoesophageal shunts, and esophageal speech.
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Some cancers are in hard to operate on places, and may need a planned neck dissection. The surgery will remove the cancer and the surrounding healthy tissue. For some cancers, a tumor may even invade the skull near the eye and the brain. Treatment may include surgery or radiation therapy, which will kill cancer cells and reduce the risk of the disease returning. The cancer may also affect swallowing or the ability to speak.
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