The spaces in your sinuses and nasal cavity are home to a wide range of cancers. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer are both caused by squamous cells, which are flat cells that form the surface layer of your head and neck. Symptoms of the disease vary, depending on where the cancer has spread and where it is located.
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Earlier detection is crucial, as it may extend life and improve outcome. Although paranasal sinus cancer and nasal cavity cancer are rare, early diagnosis is the key to survival. Many symptoms are similar to those of a respiratory infection, and patients often wait too long to seek medical attention. In addition, because of the late onset of symptoms, many people do not seek medical care until they develop persistent symptoms.
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Symptoms of nasal cavity cancer can be difficult to identify, especially since the disease is often discovered during treatment of other conditions. Fortunately, most cases of paranasal sinus cancer are detected during the treatment of sinusitis. But in some cases, the symptoms of nasal cavity cancer may be caused by allergies or a deviated septum, so it's important to see a doctor as soon as possible.
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Patients with ethmoid sinus cancer may undergo surgery to remove it. An endoscope is used to view the tumor, and surgeons use a thin, lighted tube to remove it. If the tumor is large, however, an incision is required on the side of the nose. The procedure is generally safe and does not cause any damage to the surrounding tissue. In some cases, the cancer may have spread beyond the nose and may not be detected until it has grown enough to be removed surgically.
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Although head and neck cancers account for less than 4% of the total number of cancers in the United States, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers are particularly common in older people. Eighty percent of all cases occur in people over the age of 55. Fortunately, most cases of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer are benign. However, if left untreated, tumors may develop into cancer.
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As the disease is progressive, chemotherapy is a viable option to treat paranasal sinus cancer. It targets malignant cells in the nose and sinuses and stops them from multiplying. It may be given as a whole-body treatment or only to a specific area. The doctor will discuss treatment options with you, as well as any changes you need to make to your lifestyle.
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While there are no specific symptoms of this type of cancer, early signs may mimic those of sinusitis. In addition to nasal cavity tumors, paranasal sinus cancer patients may experience difficulty breathing or discharge. They may also have problems swallowing. Symptoms of maxillary antrum cancer are rare but may include facial pain, proptosis, or an intraoral mass. In addition, patients with primary sphenoidal tumors may experience ocular issues and pain.
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While there are no known causes of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, there are some risk factors that may increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Some of these factors include genetics and underlying health conditions. Treatment for both types of cancer can be complicated by the fact that their symptoms can mimic the symptoms of several other conditions. For this reason, it is important for healthcare providers to gather a complete medical history and rely on physical examination and diagnostic tests to determine the exact nature of the disease.
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A physical examination is necessary for the diagnosis of nasal cavity and sinus cancer. Your doctor will ask about your medical history and symptoms, as well as a thorough examination of your mouth, ears, and neck. The exam will determine whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or if it is simply growing in your sinuses. If it has, a biopsy is necessary. This is when doctors remove a sample of the tumor for a pathologist to examine the cells under a microscope.
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