Early symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer may not prompt a visit to the doctor. However, any unusual nasal congestion or pain should be addressed as soon as possible. The process of nasopharyngeal cancer begins when abnormal cells are caused by genetic mutations. The cancer then invades surrounding structures and spreads to other parts of the body. Symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer often appear in the neck, tongue and throat, making early detection important.
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Although the symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer vary from person to person, the majority of people will experience a lump in their neck. Oftentimes, the lump will be on both sides of the neck, towards the back of the neck. Typically, these lumps are not painful, but they should be examined by a medical professional, particularly if they are present in conjunction with other warning signs of nasopharyngeal cancer.
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Treatment options for nasopharyngeal cancer are based on the type of cancer, the stage of the disease, and the patient's overall health. In most cases, treatment will start with radiation therapy. This involves using high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. External beam radiation involves using a large machine to maneuver around the patient, directing the radiation to a specific spot.
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The most common way that nasopharyngeal cancer is diagnosed is when the patient goes to the doctor with symptoms. Sometimes the symptoms may be confused with cold or flu symptoms, so a doctor will do a physical examination and take a history of your medical history. Your doctor may send you to an ENT specialist if the symptoms persist after the initial diagnosis. This specialist may have to perform a more thorough exam because the nasopharynx is difficult to examine.
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Chemotherapy is often prescribed after radiation therapy, and sometimes with other forms of treatment. However, this treatment is associated with some side effects. It may cause temporary or permanent skin redness, hearing loss, and dry mouth. In rare cases, chemotherapy is used in combination with radiation therapy to treat recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer. Internal radiation therapy uses radioactive wires or seeds in the tumor.
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Other tests used to diagnose nasopharyngeal cancer include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a nasopharyngolaryngoscopy, which is a procedure by which an otolaryngologist inserts a small camera into the nasopharynx. During this procedure, a small camera is inserted to visualize the nasopharynx and detect growth. PET scans can also detect cancer in the bones at the base of the skull.
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In the event of nasopharyngeal cancer, treatments usually involve surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. These treatments are designed to control local cancer and prevent distant metastasis. The earlier it is detected, the better the chances of successful treatment. Although treatment options for nasopharyngeal cancer differ depending on stage and location, it is important to seek medical treatment to avoid any further complications.
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Risk factors for nasopharyngeal cancer are genetic. Heavy alcohol consumption and tobacco use increase the risk. Certain parts of Africa and Asia are known to be higher risk for nasopharyngeal cancer than in American-born Asians. People who are in the United States from countries where the disease is common have a higher risk. And people who have had a family member or close friend with nasopharyngeal cancer are more likely to have it as well.
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During an evaluation, a nasopharyngologist will take a tissue sample from the nose or throat. The doctor will then send the sample to the lab for examination. The pathologist will examine the tissue under a microscope and report the type of cancer. If the results are positive, the patient will be prescribed treatment. There are some symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer, but they do not mean immediate surgery.
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If the tumor in the nasopharynx is large enough, it will block the nasal passage and cause a stuffy nose or even a nosebleed. The tumor may also invade the base of the skull, which is made of complex blood vessels and nerves. The tumor can press on these nerves and make you feel pain and discomfort in the head, face and ears. You should see a doctor as soon as possible for diagnosis.
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Although the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer in the United States is low, it is highly prevalent among Asians, Pacific Islanders and American Indians. In addition, it is also more common in the Arctic and in southeast China. Although it is difficult to pinpoint a cause, nasopharyngeal cancer is often associated with certain types of diets, infections and inherited characteristics.
