If you're a parent, or a caregiver of a child who has been diagnosed with neuroblastoma, you've probably wondered if you're dealing with this disease. The good news is that there are many resources available to help you cope with the diagnosis and treatment. While neuroblastoma is among the most common childhood cancers, the symptoms of this disease can be difficult to distinguish from other conditions. For example, bone pain or inability to walk may be symptoms of a different problem, such as a virus or an infection.
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The specific symptoms of neuroblastoma depend on the size, location, and growth stage of the tumour. Children with the disease may experience leg pain, swelling, or numbness. In some cases, the tumor can even compress the spinal cord, causing weakness and paralysis in the arms and legs. Other symptoms may include bruising around the eyes or bumps under the scalp. The presence of a tumor in the bone marrow is another possible symptom.
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If you suspect your child has neuroblastoma, you should consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Neuroblastoma often begins in nerve tissues that are immature, such as the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are located on the top of the kidneys and secrete hormones that control automatic body functions. If it develops elsewhere in the body, it can spread to other areas, including the liver, bones, or lymph nodes. If it spreads beyond the nervous system, it is likely that neuroblastoma will spread to other areas.
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A doctor can perform several different types of treatment. Depending on the risk category, some children may be cured by watchful waiting, while others may need chemotherapy. If you're a parent of a child with neuroblastoma, you should consider joining clinical trials. These trials involve the use of drugs that block the growth of tumor cells. In some cases, a child's neuroblastoma may even disappear on its own.
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Often, neuroblastoma is difficult to distinguish from other forms of children's cancers, but doctors can perform certain tests to determine if your child has the disease. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), which uses special antibodies to detect neuroblastoma cells, and electron microscopy, which uses a special microscope to detect small packages of catecholamines inside the cancer cells. Treatment for neuroblastoma depends on the child's age, tumor location, and risk category.
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Treatment for neuroblastoma starts when the tumor has spread to nearby organs. Surgical removal is not possible if the tumor has spread to distant organs or lymph nodes. Stage 4S is called "special" neuroblastoma, and treatment for this type of cancer is different than those for other types. Often, the cancer has only spread to the skin, bone marrow, or liver.
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There are several different tests that can diagnose neuroblastoma. Depending on where the disease has spread, doctors may conduct blood tests, urine samples, and imaging studies. To confirm the diagnosis, a biopsy of the affected part of the body or bone marrow is required. In about 25 percent of cases, neuroblastoma spreads to the bone marrow. Although this means that treatment for neuroblastoma is not 100% effective, it may be helpful for determining the prognosis of the disease.
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Neuroblastoma treatment recommendations have been developed by the Children's Oncology Group, a cooperative group of pediatric oncologists. The group identifies different levels of risk and recommends treatment for patients based on the risk level. For low-risk neuroblastoma, treatment options include observation, surgery and low or medium-dose chemotherapy. For high-risk cases, treatments may include bone marrow transplant, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
