If your child has been diagnosed with neuroblastoma, you might be wondering what to expect from the treatment. A physician can give you more information about neuroblastoma symptoms and how they can be best managed. Your child should be as active as possible during this time, as it may help to reduce tiredness and promote overall health. Your child's symptoms may vary depending on the tumor's location and size, as well as whether it has spread. Blood and urine tests, imaging tests, and a biopsy are used to diagnose neuroblastoma.
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While it is possible for some children to have multiple types of cancer, neuroblastoma has a higher survival rate among infants. In fact, an eighty-three percent five-year survival rate is achieved in infants with neuroblastoma. Diagnostic tests include blood, urine, bone marrow, and x-rays. Other tests, including MRI scans and CT scans, can help diagnose neuroblastoma.
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In many cases, neuroblastoma affects the bones and causes painful, swollen joints and muscles. When it affects the spine, symptoms include numbness or weakness in the legs or arms. Other symptoms include swelling of the lymph nodes, which is caused by cancerous cells. Normally, swelling of lymph nodes is a sign of a common infection. However, tumors can also cause inflammation of the liver, which can result in diarrhea and high blood pressure.
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While a family history of neuroblastoma may increase your child's risk of developing the disease, neuroblastoma is usually not hereditary. It can develop in children with congenital abnormalities. Some of the signs and symptoms of neuroblastoma include pale skin and dark circles under the eyes. Your child may also experience an upset stomach and sweating in one eye. They might also have trouble breathing.
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Neuroblastoma can be staged according to where the tumor has spread to the body. Stage 4S neuroblastoma has spread to the skin, bone marrow, or liver. In stage 4S, the cancer may spread to distant organs, including the lungs and liver. You may notice purple or blue bumps on the skin, which is a sign of cancer spread. In addition, the liver may grow to the point that it pushes up against the lungs.
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A biopsy is the most reliable way to diagnose neuroblastoma, as it is extremely sensitive. The biopsy sample will be taken from the affected area of the body and sent to a laboratory for a specialized analysis. The lab will then examine the tumor tissue under a microscope to identify the specific features of the cancer. It is possible to make a neuroblastoma diagnosis even if the catecholamine levels are not elevated, as some cases can be easily recognized under a microscope.
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Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer. It typically starts in nerve tissues of the abdomen. The tumor may also develop in the neck, spine, or lymph nodes. The most common place it starts is near the adrenal glands. The symptoms of neuroblastoma usually relate to the origin of the tumor, as 33% of neuroblastomas are found in the adrenal ganglia near the kidneys, and 25% in the abdomen.
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The treatment for neuroblastoma depends on the stage and the tumor's extent. The doctors may use chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or stem cell transplant. In high-risk cases, the tumor may spread to the bones, lungs, or central nervous system. In such cases, a child may undergo a surgical procedure. In the meantime, the treatment may involve chemotherapy, radiation, and other medicines. There is no specific cure for neuroblastoma.
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If the tumor is located in the chest, it can press on the superior vena cava. This large vein returns blood from the head to the heart. A tumor pressing on the superior vena cava may cause swelling in the neck, face, or upper chest. The tumor can also cause headaches. Some children may experience difficulty swallowing. While the tumor may not spread to the lymph nodes, it can press on the throat or windpipe.