Patients should be aware of the symptoms of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. They can include the following: abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. During the early stages, treatment may include hormone therapy or surgery. For recurrent or progressive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, patients may also consider clinical trials. The PDQ is a service of the National Cancer Institute, the federal government's center for biomedical research. The summaries are based on a thorough review of the medical literature, not on NCI policy. A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors PDQ cancer information summary is intended to help patients make informed decisions about treatment. However, it does not provide formal guidelines for treatment.
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Patients with pNETs often experience diarrhea. Some people have black, tarry stools. Others may experience stomach bleeding or abdominal pain. They may also experience nausea, muscle cramps, or flushing. Additionally, they may have weak digestion, or have increased frequency and volume of bowel movements. Imaging tests are available to assess the extent of the tumor and whether it has spread throughout the body.
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NETs produce different hormones, and symptoms will depend on the type of pancreatic cancer. The symptoms of a carcinoid tumor are similar to those of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. For example, a carcinoid tumor produces serotonin and 5-HTP, which causes flushing and diarrhea. A patient with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor may experience diarrhea, weakness, or rapid heartbeat.
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Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors can cause severe diarrhea and dramatic potassium loss. These symptoms may occur intermittently, or may last for weeks. They may also result in a sudden weight loss, a shortened life, and deteriorating health. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors can be difficult to detect unless they are detected early. However, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing the progression of this disease.
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Active treatment is usually started once a tumor shows signs of spreading or growth. Sometimes, active surveillance may be used to monitor the tumor. Patients should discuss the frequency of tests and scans with their doctors. Depending on the stage of the disease, chemotherapy or active surgery may be needed. If recurrent, treatment may involve a combination of different options. This may include surgery or palliative care.
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A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor may be diagnosed as early as four days before the patient dies. With treatment, patients can expect to live for five to seven months or even a year, depending on the stage of their cancer. Without treatment, patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer may only live for three months. When treatment is given, patients with tumors smaller than 2 cm can undergo surgery.
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Some people may experience one or more of these symptoms, but many people with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may not even be aware of the presence of these symptoms. In some cases, the symptoms are similar to those of other illnesses, making diagnosis difficult. This makes it essential to diagnose the symptoms of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. For instance, certain kinds of PNET can cause overproduction of hormones.
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Patients with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor may also develop a small, benign tumor in the pancreas. The tumor can be as large as two centimeters, and it may be confined to the pancreas or may have spread to nearby lymph nodes and blood vessels. In some cases, the tumor may be as large as five centimeters and may spread to other parts of the body.
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If symptoms are present, they should be investigated by a medical professional. It is important to determine whether the tumor is in its early stages. If it is, surgery is the best option. Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or other neuroendocrine tumors should avoid major resection, as it increases the risk of complications. Surgical treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors should be based on the type of cancer.
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