There are two types of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: functional and non-functional. Functional tumors produce hormones and cause symptoms, such as weight loss, jaundice, or diarrhea. Non-functional tumors, on the other hand, do not make hormones. Symptoms can be vague or sporadic, and are often diagnosed during tests for other problems.
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Most pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are not malignant, but can produce excessive amounts of hormones. When they become malignant, pancreatic NETs produce hormones that increase the amount of glucose in the blood. This condition is known as hyperglycemia. Symptoms of this condition include severe thirst, muscle weakness, and fatigue. Many patients have symptoms of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend a diagnosis. They may perform a physical exam and ask about your medical history. Blood tests may be ordered to check for high levels of hormones in the blood. If your symptoms persist, you may need to undergo a surgical procedure to remove the tumor. You may also need imaging tests to see if the tumor has spread.
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Diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is based on characteristic symptoms, comprehensive patient history, and specialized laboratory tests. While symptoms vary from patient to patient, these neoplasms should always be considered serious. Treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors will depend on the stage of the disease. Patients with advanced tumors may require surgery or hepatic-directed therapies such as partial hepatectomy.
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A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor develops when hormone-producing cells in the pancreas undergo mutations in the DNA. This mutation results in the growth of tumor cells beyond control. Some of these cancer cells may even break free from the tumor and spread to other parts of the body. Pancreatic cancer is more common in men than in women. Pancreatic cancer symptoms are quite common amongst this population.
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While most pancreatic NETs do not produce hormones, they are rare. Most patients with pancreatic NET do not show any symptoms of hypersecretion. The disease may be diagnosed incidentally during imaging for another reason. However, patients with hormone-secreting tumors often present with puzzling and diverse symptoms. Treatment options depend on the type of hormone secreted and where it has spread.
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If you have these symptoms, you should seek medical care. The symptoms of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors vary based on their location and size. Some are nonfunctional and produce symptoms that can mimic other ailments. Some of them are similar to symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Abdominal pain will usually subside when you go to the bathroom. Other symptoms of neuroendocrine tumors include fever, weight loss, and unexplained weight loss.
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While pancreatic cancer is not the same as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, it is the same type. Some pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are functional and produce hormones. Functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) are usually insulinomas. In the end, these tumors produce insulin and other hormones that regulate the body's metabolism.
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Patients with insulinomas are at high risk for developing diabetes. Insulinomas produce insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels by moving glucose from the bloodstream into the liver or fat cells. Patients with this disorder may exhibit hypoglycemic symptoms, such as fatigue and weakness. Diaphores and low blood sugar may also be symptoms of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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Intestinal tumors also produce a substance known as VIP, or vasoactive intestinal peptide. This is called the "VIP" hormone, and excessive amounts of this chemical can cause diarrhea. In addition to diarrhea, patients with intestinal tumors may also experience nausea, muscle cramps, or flushing. Moreover, stomach acid levels may be lower than normal, making it difficult for the body to properly digest food.
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While pNENs are benign, they can become malignant if they continue to spread. These cancer cells can block the bile ducts or the tubes carrying bile into the intestine. These symptoms should be taken seriously. If your symptoms persist or become worse, consult a physician. And don't forget to mention any recurring conditions. They can be symptoms of other types of cancer, including leukemia or diabetes.
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In case you have a PNET, your doctor may recommend surgery for the tumor. This procedure removes the tumor as much as possible and may be performed on a small portion of the pancreas. Sometimes, chemotherapy is necessary to shrink the tumor. Surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is an effective treatment, although the outlook is not great. Most people can survive the disease after surgery, and in some cases, even complete recovery.
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