The main symptom of pheochromocytoma is high blood pressure. This condition occurs when the hormones produced by the adrenal glands are too high, which mimics chronically high stress or constant, excessive stress. Although the cause of pheochromocytoma is unknown, genetic factors are thought to be responsible for 25 to 35 percent of all cases. Although this condition is common among people in their twenties to forties, it can occur at any age.
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Some patients are unaware of their diagnosis. Pheochromocytomas can appear years after first experiencing symptoms. Often, they are diagnosed during routine tests for other problems. Sometimes, there are no symptoms, and it can be difficult to tell what is causing the symptoms. They may be caused by a genetic condition or an unrelated problem. Genetic disorders may also be the cause of pheochromocytomas.
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Surgery is the most common treatment for pheochromocytoma. However, this type of surgery must be delayed until the secretion of catecholamines by the tumor is controlled. High levels of catecholamines are dangerous during surgery. Beta-blockers may be used to reduce the levels of catecholamines, which are the primary cause of pheochromocytoma symptoms.
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If the doctor suspects you have pheochromocytoma, they may conduct blood tests to check for too much catecholamines. These are quick-acting chemicals released into the blood by the body. They are broken down into longer-lasting molecules called metanephrines.
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Catecholamine levels above the normal range indicate that you have pheochromocytoma.
Because pheochromocytoma is so common, a doctor should conduct blood and urine tests to determine whether it is present in your body. During these tests, the doctor will check your adrenal glands for abnormal levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Imaging tests may also be required to confirm the presence of a tumor. The remaining adrenal gland may produce enough hormones to keep you healthy.
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There are several types of pheochromocytoma. Classic pheochromocytomas cause episodic symptoms. Paragangliomas, on the other hand, cause compressive symptoms in the head and neck. These symptoms can last minutes, hours, or days, and may be caused by a different medical condition. You should discuss your symptoms with your doctor if you suspect you have pheochromocytoma.
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Pheochromocytoma symptoms can range from mild to severe. The classic triad, characterized by palpitations, fever, and profuse sweating, may also be present. The rare symptom of hemoptysis is rarely seen in patients with pheochromocytoma. The severity and frequency of these symptoms depends on the extent of the disease and the stage of the cancer.
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Other symptoms include high blood pressure and heavy sweating. If your blood pressure is high, your doctor should examine you. These symptoms could indicate a more serious medical condition. High blood pressure may lead to heart attack or stroke, or even death. The main cause of high blood pressure is not known, but may be triggered by physical trauma, or by certain foods that contain tyramine. Your doctor can discuss the risks associated with high blood pressure with you and recommend appropriate treatment.
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Adrenal glands produce catecholamines (epinephrine and noradrenaline). These hormones help control blood pressure, metabolism, and other body functions. High levels of these hormones can cause symptoms, such as anxiety and trembling. When these hormones are released in excess, they can cause high blood pressure, palpitations, and a variety of other symptoms.
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High blood pressure is a common symptom of pheochromocytoma, but it should not be mistaken for other conditions. People with the disease typically have a high blood pressure, which can be constant or intermittent (known as episodic hypertension).
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Although pheochromocytomas are highly resistant to chemotherapy, there are several treatments available to alleviate symptoms. Newer therapies aim to slow tumor growth and may be combined with radioisotopes to target the cancer cells. Additionally, medications such as doxazosin or phenoxybenzamine may be used to block the harmful effects of excess catecholamines. While this is not an effective treatment for pheochromocytoma, it can greatly extend the life of patients with pheochromocytoma.
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