While the causes of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma are not yet known, it is thought that the immune system is compromised and other disorders of the immune system are associated with increased risk. Other risk factors include organ transplants and chronic immunosuppression. Listed below are some symptoms of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. If any of these conditions are present, the cancer should be suspected.
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In the majority of cases, primary CNS lymphoma patients present with a lesion or mass in the cerebrum, an increased intracranial pressure and neuropsychiatric symptoms. This type of lymphoma usually involves the subcortical white matter or epileptogenic gray matter. While symptoms are typically non-specific, floaters and fever can also be symptoms of this type of cancer.
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People with primary CNS lymphoma undergo regular checkups and treatments with their doctors. During these appointments, they are examined by the doctor and asked to describe any side effects or symptoms. Some treatments include high-dose chemotherapy. Other treatments, such as radiotherapy, can also be used to relieve the symptoms. MRI scans are usually done every 3 to four months for people with CNS lymphoma. They can also be done every two to three years to track the response to treatment.
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For primary CNS lymphoma diagnosis, a patient will undergo tests of the brain, spinal cord, and eyes. These tests will determine how active the cancer is and how well it responds to therapy. The results of these tests can help determine whether the cancer will recur after treatment. For some patients, a physical exam may be enough to determine whether they have Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. During this exam, a doctor may also check the levels of blood cells, including white blood cells and platelets.
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Patients with primary CNS lymphoma may also experience headaches, changes in personality, and vision problems. Occasionally, they may experience changes in speech, numbness, or tingling. Some patients may have difficulty speaking and may even experience paralysis. In addition to these symptoms, PCNSL can affect other parts of the body, including the tummy, arms, and legs. To confirm the diagnosis, a biopsy will be performed. After the biopsy, a pathologist will examine the tissue.
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Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma is different from that of other lymphomas. Because the blood-brain barrier protects the brain from toxins and drugs, only a few drugs can reach the brain. Prior to recent developments in chemotherapy with high doses, patients with primary CNS lymphoma were treated with radiotherapy to the whole brain. Nowadays, however, new discoveries in the field of immuno-oncology are rapidly translating to improved patient care.
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Despite the rarity of this rare disease, the risk of developing primary CNS lymphoma is increasing among the elderly. Physicians with knowledge of the disease can reduce the risk of nondiagnostic biopsies and alter the therapeutic approach for patients with these symptoms. A longer disease-free interval is associated with a low risk of relapse, but reports have shown that relapses can occur years after treatment.
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HIV infection and AIDS are known risk factors for primary central nervous system lymphoma. HIV antibodies are produced in the body when it detects a foreign substance. This virus can use the CD4 cells to multiply itself and spread throughout the body. When primary central nervous system lymphoma develops, patients may experience nausea, vomiting, seizures, and neurological impairment. To treat the disease, patients will need to undergo several tests and receive a diagnosis.
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MRIs of the cervical spine and neck show linear FDG activity along the bilateral cervical spinal nerve roots. An MRI of the cervical spine reveals increased prominence of the bilateral C8 nerve roots. CT scans of the neck show similar findings. Oncologists at NYU Langone can confirm if primary CNS lymphoma is present. They also perform a full spinal examination. And as part of the diagnostic process, they can perform a spinal cord biopsy to identify the tumor.
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While the disease may affect other parts of the body, the CNS is a very rare type of NHL. The lymphatic system contains blood and tissue and includes the brain and spinal cord. Lymphocytes travel in and out of the CNS. Some patients experience multiple tumours in the central nervous system. Another type is called ocular lymphoma, affecting the eye. This type of lymphoma does not spread to other parts of the body.
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Patients with PCNSL may experience seizures. They may also experience fever, nausea, vomiting, or muscle pain. In severe cases, seizures may occur. Patients with AIDS-related PCNSL may also experience a high level of nervous system involvement. While the symptoms of primary CNSL vary, patients should seek medical attention to determine if they have the disease. And, if so, the diagnosis should be sought as early as possible.
