It is not clear what causes Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL). However, the most common risk factors are immune system disorders and a weakened immune system. Individuals on immunosuppressive medications or undergoing organ transplants are also at increased risk. Symptoms of PCNSL can include:
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Diagnostic tests will determine whether the disease is affecting the central nervous system. MRI scans are commonly used to detect the presence of CNS lymphoma. These scans can show tumor size and activity and predict how well a treatment will work. Additionally, they can show whether the cancer has spread. Patients may have abnormally low blood cell counts or low white blood cells, which fight infections.
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After diagnosis, patients with CNS lymphoma often begin treatment with chemotherapy, which targets the tumor and reduces the chance of it spreading. The treatments are effective when the cancer has not spread outside the cerebrum, which is the largest part of the brain. Patients must also be under 60 years of age, be able to perform their daily functions, and have no other illnesses that weaken their immune system.
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There are several ways to recognize the signs and symptoms of PCNSL. Primary CNS lymphoma symptoms can include a high blood pressure, increased intracranial pressure, vision problems, headaches, and bowel dysfunction. Primary CNS lymphoma is usually found in people who are in their 50s or older, but it can occur at any age. If you have any of these symptoms, you should consult with a healthcare provider immediately.
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MRI may show a tumor or dural-based lesion. MRI scans may show a linear enhancing pattern along the perivascular space. It is important to note that 80% of immunodeficient patients have multiple lesions. MRIs of the CSF are positive in 65% of cases. Oncologists may recommend CSF cytology or brain biopsy to confirm a diagnosis.
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Though rare, primary CNS lymphoma is not a common diagnosis. It is more common in people with immune system disorders and is most likely to occur in men. A median age of the patient is 55 years old. However, people who have had AIDS have higher risk of developing this type of lymphoma. This type of lymphoma is not dangerous for young children, but treatment options may differ greatly.
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Among the most common signs of primary CNS lymphoma is a weakened immune system. As the lymphatic system is close to the brain, the cancer may form in the eye. While primary CNS lymphoma typically affects the brain, the cancer often spreads throughout the CNS over time. A diagnosis may be based on the symptoms and the severity of the disease.
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The signs and symptoms of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma are different from those of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Early detection is vital for minimizing nondiagnostic biopsies and maximizing therapeutic management. However, it is important to understand the signs and symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma and its risk factors. A thorough evaluation of the patient's clinical characteristics will enable doctors to identify the primary CNS lymphoma as early as possible, which will decrease the risk of unnecessary biopsy or treatment.
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If these signs sound familiar, you may be suffering from PCNSL. This type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma starts in the central nervous system (CNS) and spreads to the brain, spinal cord, and eyes. While it rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it causes significant neurological deficits and can lead to seizures and a change in personality. In addition to the aforementioned signs and symptoms, people suffering from a compromised immune system are also at risk for developing PCNSL.