Several primary CNS lymphoma symptoms include elevated intracranial pressure, vomiting, and changes in personality. Other symptoms include blurred vision, visual changes, and weakness or paralysis of one or both sides of the body. In 7% of patients, systemic symptoms occur before neurologic symptoms. They include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. If any of these symptoms seem to be present, see your healthcare provider immediately.
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CNS lymphoma can affect individuals of all ages, but those who are older are most susceptible to the disease. Immunosuppressive diseases are also associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. HIV infection and allogeneic organ transplantation can lower immune system function. Primary CNS lymphoma symptoms can be a sign of a potentially deadly condition. Symptoms can vary by age, gender, and type of cancer.
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If your doctor has diagnosed you with a primary CNS lymphoma, the most effective treatment for your condition is chemotherapy. This is a type of treatment that aims to kill the cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. High-dose radiation therapy to the brain may result in cognitive disorders, so it is imperative to choose a treatment that minimizes the risks associated with radiation to the brain.
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Patients with primary CNS lymphoma will undergo a physical exam that includes a health history and neurological exams. A lumbar puncture involves the insertion of a needle into the patient's spinal cord and brain to draw cerebrospinal fluid. This sample contains tumor cells, abnormal levels of proteins and glucose. If a biopsy is necessary, a sample of the suspected tumor is taken and examined under a microscope. Primary CNS lymphoma has no standardized staging system, but the disease often recurs in the brain, spinal cord, and eye.
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MRI of the brain is typically the first test used to diagnose suspected primary CNS lymphoma. These tumors usually occur centrally in the cerebral white matter or periventricular region and are hypointense on T1 and T2. The tumors on CT are generally hyperattenuating lesions with post-contrast enhancement. In up to 13% of cases, they have ring-like enhancement. In some cases, they may be surrounded by edema, but not to the extent seen in patients with metastatic disease and malignant gliomas.
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Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma depends on the location, extent, age, and health of the cancer. Standard treatments usually involve chemotherapy or radiation. For patients diagnosed with primary CNS lymphoma, advanced therapies are available to relieve symptoms and prolong survival. However, relapse of the disease is rare and is highly dependent on the clinical and radiographic findings. Although primary CNS lymphoma has an unfavorable prognosis, treatment is still a viable option for many patients.
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The primary CNS lymphoma is a rare type of NHL that affects the brain and spinal cord. The cancerous cells grow in the brain and spinal cord and can cause significant neurological symptoms. The cause of this disease is unknown, but it is thought that lymphocytes in the immune system cause the disease. People with impaired immune systems, genetic and infectious diseases, and aging are at increased risk.
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When the cancer spreads to the central nervous system, it can become a lesion or tumor. This can lead to symptoms of a variety of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Patients with this type of lymphoma may experience a variety of symptoms, including fever, nausea, headaches, and vomiting. In some cases, they may experience seizures, or even personality changes. In some cases, the disease can even spread to the eye.
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Although HIV infection is rare, it does increase the risk of developing primary central nervous system lymphoma. Tests for HIV infection and AIDS may reveal a positive HIV antibody. HIV antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to harmful substances. However, the results of this test may take as much as six months to appear. It is important to remember that HIV antibodies are not present in all lymphocytes.
