Symptoms of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma are remarkably similar to those of other types of lymphoma, although some are more obvious than others. In addition to the typical headache and fatigue, patients with primary CNS lymphoma may also experience changes in their personality or alertness. Some patients also experience weakness or even paralysis. Other symptoms include changes in their speech, vision, and personality. These symptoms are typically progressive and require immediate medical attention.
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The diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma is usually made through imaging tests that look at the eye, brain, and spinal cord. Blood tests will also be performed. Blood tests are also used to detect the presence of lymphoma. Low levels of red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells (which fight infection) are common signs of lymphoma. Patients will also undergo tests for certain enzymes and fatty acids in the blood.
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Treatment for CNS lymphoma depends on whether the tumor has spread outside of the cerebrum, the largest portion of the brain. Generally, people with CNS lymphoma must be younger than 60 years of age, be capable of maintaining daily functions, and be free of other diseases that weaken the immune system. If the symptoms are severe, treatment may include chemotherapy or targeted therapy.
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Some people may be at increased risk of developing primary central nervous system lymphoma. People with organ transplants, as well as those who have weakened immune systems, are also at high risk for developing the condition. Primary central nervous system lymphoma has increased in frequency in the past two decades, accounting for 2 to 3 percent of brain tumors. While symptoms depend on the location of the tumor, patients may experience headaches, seizures, double vision, difficulty swallowing, hearing loss, facial weakness, and other symptoms.
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In patients with suspected primary central nervous system lymphoma, the first diagnostic test is an MRI brain with contrast. Primary CNS lymphoma is often localized in the cerebral white matter or periventricular region and shows isointense on T1 and hypointense on T2. In contrast, CTs typically show hyperattenuating lesions with post-contrast enhancement, and there is often ring-like enhancement in up to 13% of cases. The surrounding tissue may be edematous, but not as severe as in malignant gliomas or metastatic disease.
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Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare type of cancer that involves any component of the central nervous system. The disease can develop in the brain, leptomeninges, and eyes. It can cause significant neurological symptoms. While the exact cause of PCNSL is not known, it is thought that it is a result of an immune system disorder or some other factor. People with HIV infection are at higher risk of developing PCNSL, but the disease has decreased since then to 0.47 cases per 100 000 people.
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The treatments for primary CNS lymphoma will depend on the type of disease and the patient's response to treatment. Some of the standard treatments for this condition include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplant. While the majority of patients have complete remission, others will require additional treatment to eradicate remaining lymphoma cells and prevent a relapse. In some cases, patients may participate in clinical trials of new treatments that are currently being tested for safety and effectiveness.
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Primary CNS lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease develops in the lymph tissue of the spinal cord and brain. It can develop multiple tumours and may affect the eyes and spinal cord. In addition, some cases of primary CNS lymphoma start in the outer covering of the brain, which is known as ocular lymphoma.
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Treatments for primary CNS lymphoma vary, depending on the type of cancer and the stage of the disease. Steroid therapy, for instance, may reduce swelling around the tumour and decrease elevated intracranial pressure. Chemotherapy, on the other hand, is administered via an intravenous route into the vein or fluid surrounding the brain. High-doses of chemotherapy are administered to the patient. Radiotherapy also has a beneficial effect in removing cancerous cells.
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Most patients with PCNSL have a bulky tumor located within the meninges or spinal cord. Depending on the location of the tumor, it may also affect peripheral nerves or cranial nerves. When a tumor affects one or more of these areas, symptoms can include pain and neurological deficits specific to the area in which the tumor is located. The symptoms of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma are unique and can make diagnosis difficult.