Among the most common types of cancers, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is characterized by symptoms that affect the central nervous system. Some common symptoms of CNS lymphoma include back pain, weakness in the legs, or incontinence. Some patients may also experience vision loss or blurred vision. NYU Langone doctors will perform a physical exam to examine the lymph nodes and determine the presence of tumors. During the examination, the doctor will ask about symptoms, your medical history, and risk factors for lymphoma.
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People with certain immune system disorders are more susceptible to CNS lymphoma. For example, those with organ transplants have lower levels of immune system cells. People with compromised immune systems are also more likely to develop this type of cancer. Although there is no specific cause for CNS lymphoma, the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood is a risk factor. Immunosuppressive drugs can suppress the immune system.
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In addition to chemotherapy, CNS lymphoma patients may also undergo radiotherapy to help ease their symptoms. This treatment is a form of palliative care and requires a hospital stay. The patient may undergo palliative care, which aims to ease the symptoms while restoring function. A patient may undergo a variety of follow-up treatments, such as oral medications, to support the treatment and relieve the symptoms.
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The earliest signs of CNS lymphoma may involve a single or multiple lesions in the central nervous system. The lesions of CNS lymphoma tend to be uniformly enhancing, although they may be heterogeneous or absent. The appearance of CNS lymphoma on MRI is often characterized by a diffuse pattern of enhancement. The enhancement is often homogeneous, but occasionally can show ring enhancement.
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Other symptoms of CNS lymphoma include increased intracranial pressure. Raised intracranial pressure can result from blockage of fluid spaces in the brain or from the tumour itself. Headache, nausea, and vision problems are common symptoms. Seizures, personality changes, and weakness of one side of the body may also occur. If the cancer has spread to the brain, the patient may be able to speak only one language or even experience paralysis.
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In rare cases, patients with primary CNS lymphoma may exhibit elevated intracranial pressure, seizures, or vitreous involvement of the eye. These symptoms can impair vision or even result in floaters. In approximately seven percent of patients, systemic symptoms may develop before neurologic symptoms develop. Other systemic symptoms may include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. The patient may have trouble walking or urinating.
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Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma varies significantly from that for other lymphomas. Because the blood-brain barrier is so strong, few drugs are able to reach the brain. The only effective treatment for primary CNS lymphoma is radiotherapy of the entire brain. This therapy is now possible thanks to advances in the field of treatment. A doctor may prescribe high doses of chemotherapy to target the cancer cells and shrink the affected area.
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If you're experiencing any of the symptoms above, you should visit a doctor immediately. It is important to seek medical attention right away to ensure the best possible prognosis. A primary CNS lymphoma diagnosis requires a high level of clinical suspicion. While it is rare, PCNSL is curable. However, it is not a typical type of cancer, and you should seek immediate medical attention to ensure the best possible quality of life.
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The most common clinical manifestation of primary CNS lymphoma is an increase in the elderly and HIV-positive populations. In addition to increasing incidence, the condition is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among the elderly. Familiarity with its symptoms can help minimize the risk of unnecessary biopsy procedures and alter therapeutic management. Primary CNS lymphoma patients with long-term disease-free intervals are at lower risk for relapse.
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