While symptoms of Primary Peritoneal Cancer are difficult to diagnose, early diagnosis can help patients live a longer, healthier life. While cancers of the fallopian tubes and ovaries have higher survival rates, only 30 percent of people with this type of cancer live five years or longer. While primary peritoneal cancer is rare and has no specific screening test, doctors may order a number of tests to diagnose the disease. One such test is a blood test that measures CA-125, a marker for tumors. Although elevated levels of CA-125 may indicate cancer, the levels may also be normal.
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Treatment for primary peritoneal cancer depends on its stage and location. Treatment for peritoneal cancer typically includes chemotherapy and surgery. Some women may receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which shrinks tumors before surgery. The treatment that Wilson received was surgery to remove the surface tumors, followed by chemotherapy. Occasionally, chemotherapy is combined with hormone therapy or radiation therapy. Primary peritoneal cancer is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage, so it can recur after treatment.
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The peritoneum is a cellophane-like sheet of tissue that surrounds and protects organs inside the abdomen. Cells in the peritoneal lining develop from the same type of cell as those in the ovary. Peritoneal lining cells can also turn cancerous and cause symptoms of the disease. Primary peritoneal cancer can develop anywhere in the abdominal cavity, including the ovaries.
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Diagnosis of Primary Peritoneal Cancer is difficult because most patients have no warning signs until the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. However, there are several warning signs that may indicate the presence of this disease. Cancer patients may gain weight, feel full more often, or gain a lot of weight. A CT scan may reveal tumors in the peritoneum and on the liver. It is also important to note that tumors in the omentum, a fatty layer that surrounds the intestines, can be a sign of gynecologic cancer.
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If a patient has symptoms of Primary Peritoneal Cancer, a doctor will usually recommend a biopsy. During the biopsy, a sample of fluid may be taken and examined under a microscope. The doctor may also perform blood tests that measure tumor markers. These markers may be elevated in patients with ovarian cancer. If a biopsy is indicated, surgery may be performed. If a biopsy is not necessary, PPC may be treated with chemotherapy.
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Some genetic mutations are associated with an increased risk of peritoneal cancer. People with Lynch syndrome and Li-Fraumeni syndrome have an increased risk of developing this type of cancer. In addition to age and gender, some women with a family history of cancer may be more susceptible to this type of cancer. Despite the lack of specific signs, the symptoms of PPC are similar to those of other types of cancer.
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Initial treatment for advanced cancer includes surgical debulking. During this procedure, the cancer cells should be removed from the abdomen. Surgical debulking should be done by a gynecologic oncologist or a surgeon with experience in upper abdominal surgery. In some cases, chemotherapy can replace surgery. In these cases, the patient should receive initial chemotherapy of taxane or carboplatin IV at intervals of 21 days. After the surgery, maintenance treatment may consist of paclitaxel or carboplatin once or twice monthly for 12 months.
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If the tumor has spread beyond the abdominal wall, it may spread to the lungs, liver, or distant lymph nodes. When this happens, treatment for PPC will focus on removing as much of the cancer as possible. Surgery may remove the uterus, ovaries, or sheet of fatty tissue inside the abdomen. Patients who have cancer elsewhere may have the tumor removed. A doctor must follow up with them to monitor the cancer.
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Treatment for this type of cancer varies widely. Most patients receive chemotherapy, but the chemotherapy may have serious side effects. Other treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery. Treatment for this type of cancer may take several rounds of chemotherapy or require additional surgical procedures. However, these options are limited by the availability of research and patient compliance. Patients may want to participate in clinical trials in order to gain the benefit of the latest treatments.
