A rare childhood cancer is a cancer that is rarely seen in most children's hospitals. Rare childhood cancers are often poorly understood, and treatment methods are based on experience with similar conditions in other children. Rare childhood cancers are studied in small groups, or through reports on a single child. For this reason, they are grouped by body area. Here, we will discuss some common symptoms and treatment options for children with rare childhood cancers.
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There are other types of cancer that affect children, including leukemias, which develop in the bone marrow. Leukemias are cancers of the blood or bone marrow, and they account for 28% of childhood cancers. Acute lymphocytic leukemia, or acute myeloid leukemia, is a form of acute leukemia and usually causes bone and joint pain, pale skin, and a fever. Treatment for acute leukemia involves chemotherapy.
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Treatment for these cancers starts with the diagnosis. Pediatric oncologists use a full range of diagnostic procedures to determine whether your child has this rare childhood cancer. These may include blood tests, lumbar puncture, imaging tests, and biopsy. Sometimes, radiation therapy is used to shrink the tumor. Sometimes, other treatment options may be recommended, depending on the type of cancer. For more information on rare childhood cancers, contact your pediatrician today.
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Neuroblastoma begins in the immature nerve cells of the fetus or embryo. Neuroblastoma occurs in children between three and four years of age, but can also develop in older children. Neuroblastoma can cause symptoms like bone pain and fever. In some rare cases, the cancer may spread to the lymph nodes, liver, and other organs. Therefore, it is crucial to seek medical attention as soon as possible to prevent further complications.
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In Germany, the German Pediatric rare tumor group (TREP) has implemented a structured programme to improve diagnosis and treatment for children with rare cancers. The group was created in response to a study in which eight to fifteen percent of children with rare childhood tumors were missed for treatment. TREP and its Italian counterpart, Tumori Rari in Eta Pediatrica, define what constitutes a rare childhood cancer. This group includes all tumors that are not included in major cancer trials for children. The three main groups of cancer for children were thyroid carcinoma, appendix carcinoma, and gonadol non-germin cell tumors.
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In addition to symptoms that are common in many childhood cancers, a child with rare cancer may experience a number of other common problems, such as chronic cough, bone pain, enlarged lymph nodes, and weight loss. It is important to discuss these symptoms with your child's doctor and discuss the risks and treatments available. The next section of the guide discusses symptoms and the tests that may be performed. Once diagnosed, treatment begins.
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Hodgkin lymphoma, also known as aplastic anemia, accounts for 3% of all childhood cancers. It occurs in young children and is uncommon in children under the age of five. This type of lymphoma responds to treatment more effectively than other types of cancer in adults. It usually occurs in children ages three and older. However, treatment options for children are similar to those for adults.
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Treatment options for rare cancers in children depend on their location and size. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Surgery, for example, may remove a tumor and shrink it. Some pediatric cancers may require chemotherapy to shrink it. For those with early detection and treatment, however, surgery may be the best option. It can be combined with chemotherapy to control the disease and ensure a child's survival.
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As with adults, children are at high risk for developing cancer due to genomic changes in the germ cells. Genomic changes may be chromosome breaks, extra chromosomes, or gene variants. Trisomy 21 is a condition where an extra chromosome is present. Down syndrome is another rare childhood cancer. Children with this condition are 10 to 20 times more likely to develop leukemia, and a small percentage of all childhood leukemias are caused by these conditions.
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Children with type II or III PPB often display symptoms of general illness and pneumonia. Their symptoms can range from a loss of appetite to fatigue. Chest pain or abdominal discomfort may also occur. Chest x-rays may look similar to those of pneumonia and thyroid nodules. Antibiotics may be prescribed for several weeks, but they will not cure the condition. Children with PPB usually do not respond to antibiotics.
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