The most common retinoblastoma symptoms in children occur in the eyes of infants and toddlers. Parents first notice a deformed or irritated eye, and the child may experience impaired vision. Sometimes a white pupil is visible in photographs of the affected eye. The tumor may spread to other parts of the head and brain, and may even invade the spine and distant parts of the body.
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Hereditary forms of retinoblastoma occur in 10% to 15% of children. One in three children is diagnosed with this condition, and a genetic mutation occurs in every cell of their body. In addition, about one-quarter of all children with retinoblastoma have a mutation in the RB1 gene that occurred spontaneously in the womb. If this is the case, treatment may begin at an early age.
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Retinoblastoma is a rare, progressive, and sometimes fatal tumor of the eye that begins in the retina. Retina is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that focuses light and is found near the optic nerve. Retinoblastoma usually affects one or both eyes. It runs in families, and is more common in infants and young children, but it can also affect older children. Retinoblastoma symptoms include headache, appetite loss, and vomiting. Some patients with the disease may also develop tumors in the pineal gland.
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Other signs and symptoms of Retinoblastoma may include: Increasingly painful or red and swollen eyes, protruding eye, and vision problems. However, these symptoms are difficult to detect in infants or young children, as they do not communicate their symptoms to adults. If you suspect any of these symptoms, contact a doctor immediately. It is very important to get your child checked by a specialist to avoid any complications.
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Retinoblastoma symptoms in children may not be evident at the first visit, but imaging tests and MRI scans may be required to confirm the diagnosis. During the physical examination, your child's retina is looked at with a magnifying glass. Radiation therapy may result in skin changes. The doctor may prescribe pain relievers to minimize any discomfort. The patient's recovery time will vary.
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Surgery and chemotherapy are both treatments for Retinoblastoma. The former involves removing the eye and part of the optic nerve. The sample of tissue is then checked by a pathologist who is familiar with retinoblastoma. Patients may also receive laser therapy. Some tumors may be too big to be removed by surgery. But it is important to note that enucleation is not a permanent treatment.
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If you suspect that your child has retinoblastoma, make sure to schedule an appointment with an ophthalmologist. A doctor will determine the extent of the cancer within the eye as well as outside it. This information is critical for planning treatment. Your doctor will likely perform imaging tests to check the eye for brain cancer. Once the cancer has spread to the brain, it is difficult to treat.
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The most common symptom of Retinoblastoma is the white pupil reflex, sometimes called the cat's eye reflex. However, this reflex does not mean that your child has retinoblastoma. Your doctor should be able to determine the cause of your child's white pupil reflex. Another common symptom is crossed eyes. When crossed, your eye may turn toward your nose or ear.
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Treatment for retinoblastoma is different for every child. Your child's condition will determine how aggressive your treatment should be. Your doctor may decide to treat the condition surgically or with radiation. If your child has a large tumor, surgery may not be enough. In these cases, the eye may need to be removed. Your child will likely need to wear a glass eye or prosthesis until the tumor is gone. While treatment for Retinoblastoma is successful for most children, your child will need close follow-up to avoid a relapse.
