Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina. The retina is a thin layer of tissue that senses light and forms images. Much like the film in a camera, the retina sends these images to the brain. If it becomes inflamed, it can spread to other parts of the eye, causing loss of vision. Fortunately, most retinoblastomas are detected early and treated successfully. However, the tumor can spread to the brain, lymph nodes, bones and other areas, and can be difficult to treat.
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The first step in detecting retinoblastoma is to visit a doctor. Physical examinations and imaging tests can help a doctor rule out other diseases. Physical examinations involve examining the retina and optic nerve with magnifying lenses. A doctor may recommend imaging tests such as ultrasounds, MRIs, CAT scans, and spinal taps. If the symptoms are present, your physician may perform further tests to determine the exact cause of the eye tumor.
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Another common symptom of retinoblastoma is a white pupil. This is similar to the cat's eye reflex. Nonetheless, this symptom is not always a sign of retinoblastoma, so it's important to visit an ophthalmologist to make a diagnosis. Other retinoblastoma symptom includes a crossed eye. The crossed eye may turn towards the nose or ear.
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A lumbar puncture is another treatment option. The process involves inserting a needle between two bones in the spine and into the CSF surrounding the spinal cord. The sample is then evaluated to find whether the cancer has spread beyond the eye or if it is in the surrounding healthy tissue. Treatment should not be delayed because the cancer could worsen and spread to other parts of the body. If left untreated, retinoblastoma may spread and cause sight loss.
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Leukocoria is another retinoblastoma symptom. It is characterized by a white pupil. It can be visible in photos taken with a flash, but the patient should consult an ophthalmologist immediately. Despite its rarity, the white pupil is a sure sign of the disease. Leukocoria can be confused with other vision problems, such as cross-eye syndrome, nystagmus, and wandering eye.
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When the tumor has spread to the eye, it can cause problems with communication between the eyes. Often, retinoblastoma affects both eyes. It is rare to spread to other parts of the body, but it does occasionally happen. Therefore, it is crucial to find a diagnosis at an early stage. It can be difficult to predict which symptoms will be present in a child and how long they may last.
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Retinoblastoma is caused by mutations in the RB1 gene. The inherited form of the disease manifests as multiple tumors in both eyes, while the acquired type causes only one tumor in one eye. In the case of acquired retinoblastoma, the mutation occurs in both copies of the RB1 gene. It is important to identify these mutations early, because they can cause serious damage to vision.
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In addition to surgery, chemotherapy can also be used to treat retinoblastoma. Chemotherapy is an effective way to destroy cancer cells. This treatment is administered through the eye through injections or systemically. The drugs are then delivered to the tumor through the cerebrospinal fluid or into a body cavity. In some cases, the cancer may spread outside of the eye and may lead to the loss of vision.
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When a tumor is found near a sensitive part of the eye, it may cause the eye to become "straboscopic." The condition can progress to painful red eyes or even loss of vision in the affected eye. Patients often experience a white pupil if they are diagnosed with retinoblastoma. If this is the case, treatment will depend on the type of cancer. Symptoms of retinoblastoma include:
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The treatment for retinoblastoma depends on its size and location. Depending on the stage and extent of tumor growth, a child may receive chemotherapy, laser therapy, or surgery. Their pediatric oncologist will decide which treatment plan will work best. Although retinoblastoma can cause blindness, it is curable if detected early. In some cases, it may even be cured completely.
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Retinoblastoma is a genetic condition that starts in the retina, a layer of tissue in the back of the eye. The tumor can affect both eyes. It is common in young children and infants, and in children, it can spread to other parts of the body, including the spine and brain. It is important to seek treatment if a child develops a tumor in one or both eyes.