Retinoblastoma symptoms include a white pupil and an eyeball that is much larger than normal. Parents may notice these symptoms when they take pictures of their child with a flash. Children may also have trouble seeing in one or both eyes, have blurred vision, or have trouble walking or moving around the house. In addition to the above symptoms, people with retinoblastoma may also experience pain or redness in the eye.
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While retinoblastoma can affect any age, it usually occurs in younger children before the age of five. It affects one out of every 18,000 births. In the U.S., between 250 and 500 people are diagnosed with this cancer each year. The tumor can affect one eye or both, and it can spread to other parts of the body. One such area can be the pineal gland at the base of the brain.
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Retinoblastoma can also spread to other parts of the eye, which may cause an accumulation of pressure inside the eye and eventually result in loss of vision. Most cases are diagnosed early and treated effectively before they spread, but some cancers can spread to other parts of the body, including the brain, the spinal cord, lymph nodes, and the bone marrow. Once the tumor has spread beyond the eye, treatment can become difficult or even impossible.
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Retinoblastoma is a hereditary disease in which the disease is passed down through the family. It is associated with mutations in the genes that cause the body to produce certain proteins. Without the proteins that control cell growth, too many cells build up in one location and form a tumor. One in three children with retinoblastoma develops cancer in both eyes.
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The most common retinoblastoma symptom is a white pupil, known as a cat's eye reflex. This is noticeable in low-light conditions, while the white pupil is more visible in photographs taken with a flash. Another retinoblastoma symptom is crossed eye. The eye may become red or inflamed, or it may turn toward the nose or ear.
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Retinoblastoma occurs in one out of three children and is hereditary in 20 percent of cases. Hereditary retinoblastoma affects both eyes and is associated with a higher risk of developing other cancers. Genetic tests are available for this disease. Genetic testing is also recommended for families with a family history of this disease. Genetic tests are also helpful in diagnosing this disease early.
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Retinoblastoma can be detected early with specialized examinations. Your child will undergo a physical examination with magnifying lenses. In addition, he or she will be asked about their health history and if they have any family members with the disease. An examination of the retina will also be performed. If your child has any of these symptoms, your doctor may recommend additional tests to help determine the exact type of retinoblastoma.
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Treatment for retinoblastoma depends on the stage of the disease and its spread. If it is detected early, treatment options include systemic chemotherapy. A six-month course of chemotherapy may be required. In more advanced cases, external radiation therapy may also be required. If treatment is successful, the tumor may shrink, saving vision in one eye. There is no cure for retinoblastoma, but it can be treated successfully.
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Chemotherapy involves sending a series of chemicals into the body in order to shrink the tumor. Chemotherapy drugs are either given in pill form or inserted directly into a vein or cerebrospinal fluid. The latter has less side effects on the entire body. Nonetheless, this treatment is only recommended for tumors that have not spread beyond the eye. If left untreated, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body. The condition can become life-threatening.
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Retinoblastoma is an uncommon form of cancer in the eye, and most children diagnosed are under the age of five. It affects both sexes equally, but it is rare to spread beyond the eye. Symptoms can include a blurred or cloudy vision, pain when opening the eyes, sensitivity to light, or loss of sight. There are no clear signs or symptoms of retinoblastoma until it has spread throughout the eye, but it is important to seek treatment early to avoid irreversible vision damage.
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A patient with hereditary retinoblastoma should have MRI brain scans every six months. There is no consensus on surveillance for older children with this disease, but it is important to live a healthy lifestyle and limit exposure to the sun. Also, the patient should monitor unexplained aches and pains, as they can be indicative of a malignancy.
