Retinoblastoma symptoms may not be readily apparent in infants and children, but if you notice any of the following, your child may have the eye disease. These symptoms may also occur in other eye diseases. These signs should prompt you to consult a pediatric eye doctor to rule out other possible causes. A white pupil, irregularities with eye alignment, or other problems with vision are signs that your child may be suffering from retinoblastoma.
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Retinoblastoma usually affects just one eye, but one in every three children with this disease develop the cancer in both eyes. Retinoblastoma is also characterized by a white pupil, also known as the cat's eye reflex. This white pupil is most visible in dim light and in photographs taken with a flash. Other symptoms of the disease include eyelid changes, crossed or drooping eyelids, and eyelid swelling. If left untreated, the eye can become blind.
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Retinoblastoma is often detected through imaging tests and physical examinations. A doctor will use a magnifying lens to examine the retina. In some cases, general anesthesia is used during the eye examination. The doctor will then draw or photograph any tumors that are present. Additional tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. While the symptoms of retinoblastoma may not be immediately apparent, it is important to visit an eye specialist if your child has any of these signs.
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Retinoblastoma in one eye is typically detected after it has begun growing. In more advanced cases, a child will need to undergo chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other focal therapies. In addition to the initial diagnosis, your child will also need to undergo regular eye exams to ensure that the cancer has not spread. The symptoms of retinoblastoma may not be obvious in a young child, but can be easily noticed in photographs taken with a flash camera.
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Blood tests are another way to diagnose retinoblastoma. A physical exam will check for any abnormalities in your child's blood and urine. The blood tests will also check for any changes in your child's chromosome 13, which contains genes. Retinoblastoma may also have a nonfunctional chromosome. Other symptoms may indicate the disease has spread to another part of the body.
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Retinoblastoma is hereditary, and all children who develop bilateral disease have hereditary disease. In contrast, about ten percent of unilateral disease sufferers have this type of disease. If you suspect your child may have retinoblastoma, ask your doctor to run a genetic test to determine whether your child is at risk. A genetic counselor can assist you in making the decision.
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Although retinoblastoma rarely spreads to the bones, it is possible for it to invade other areas of the eye. If this happens, fluid can no longer flow, causing pressure inside the eye. In rare cases, retinoblastoma spreads to the central nervous system, bones, and the lymph nodes. Once it has spread, it may be difficult to cure.
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Treatment for retinoblastoma involves a combination of medications to destroy cancer cells in the eye. Some of these medicines include carboplatin, etoposide (VP-16), vincristine, and doxorubicin. These medicines may be used alone or in combination. Chemotherapy may also be used in patients with large tumors. Local chemotherapy is delivered through the arteries in the eye. The side effects of chemotherapy medicines include drooping of the upper eyelid, bleeding into the eye, or damage to the eye's artery.
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If your child has a large tumor in the eye, a doctor will administer chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can shrink the tumor. Smaller tumors are easier to treat with other treatment modalities. Chemotherapy medications are given by mouth, by injection, or through a vein. In some children, intravenous chemotherapy is given through a central venous catheter placed under the skin of the chest. The dosages and frequency of these medications depend on each child's condition.
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A retinal tumor is a rare cancer of the eye. The retina is a thin layer of nerve tissue that coats the back of the eye. It detects light and creates images. Like a camera, retinas are similar to film in that they capture images and send them to the brain for processing. If detected early enough, retinoblastoma symptoms can be treated.
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Regular eye examinations are essential for anyone with a family history of this disease. This is because early detection may lead to less intense treatment. It is important for parents to discuss how often their child needs eye examinations, and at what age to stop the exams. Retinoblastoma is a hereditary disease, so early detection is key. When diagnosed in children, early treatment may lead to a more successful outcome.
