Retinoblastoma Symptoms - Oren Zarif - Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye that is caused by a mutation in the genes that control eye development. Hereditary retinoblastoma develops in people who have the gene mutation, which is passed down from one parent to the other during embryonic development. Hereditary cases tend to develop in children younger than their peers and are more likely to develop tumors in both eyes. Hereditary cases of this cancer also put children at a higher risk for other cancers, including childhood brain tumors, osteosarcoma, and aggressive skin cancer.

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Treatment for retinoblastoma depends on the size and location of the tumor. There are several staging systems for retinoblastoma, and the most common is intraocular versus extraocular disease. Intraocular retinoblastoma cancer does not extend beyond the eye's tissue, while extraocular retinoblastoms have spread to other parts of the body.

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Retinoblastoma can affect anyone at any age, but it commonly occurs in infants and young children. It affects one in every 18,000 births, and between 250 and 500 cases are diagnosed each year in the United States. The disease can occur in one eye only, or it may spread to the other eye or parts of the body. In rare cases, it may also develop in the pineal gland in the base of the brain. If not treated early, retinoblastoma can progress to other parts of the body.

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In children with retinoblastoma, a comprehensive physical examination is performed to diagnose the disease. Additional tests may be performed if the tumor has spread to other parts of the body. Some tests may be performed prior to the child starting treatment, while others may be done as part of the initial diagnosis. In addition to a thorough physical examination, the doctor will also order a series of blood tests to determine whether the cancer has spread elsewhere in the body.

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One of the most common retinoblastoma symptoms is white pupil. The white pupil is often visible in photographs with a flash. If this condition affects your child's vision, they may have trouble moving around the house. A white pupil can indicate retinoblastoma, so it's important to seek treatment as soon as possible. The early diagnosis of this cancer can reduce the severity of the disease and increase the patient's life expectancy.

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As with any cancer, a diagnosis of retinoblastoma can create feelings of helplessness, despair, anger, and fear. A child will need to practice self-care, which can include exercise and healthy eating. Talking with other people can help, as well. If the tumor spreads to other areas of the body, therapy may help. The parents of children with this disease should try to teach them sensory stimulation through voice communication.

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During the early stages of the disease, a white pupil is the most common symptom. This is called the cat's eye reflex. However, this reflex is not a reliable indicator of retinoblastoma. It's best to seek out a pediatric ophthalmologist to determine the exact cause of the condition. After surgery, the child should have regular checkups to make sure that the tumor doesn't return.

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Treatment for retinoblastoma varies. A doctor may use chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells in the eye. This type of treatment is sometimes called enucleation, and involves inserting a needle between two bones in the spine and into the cerebrospinal fluid around the spinal cord. The sample is evaluated for signs of spread and for tumor markers called ganglioside GD2. The treatment can vary and is often determined by the size and location of the tumor.

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Retinoblastoma is caused by a genetic mutation in the RB1 gene. A person may inherit the disease from one parent, or develop it through an acquired mutation in both copies of the gene. However, the majority of cases occur spontaneously. Symptoms may not occur until the child reaches the age of five. If the tumor is diagnosed at an early age, a child will probably show no symptoms.