While the prognosis for early-stage metastatic squamous neck cancer is very good, the survival rate drops off significantly in advanced stages. Early-stage metastatic cancer has a better chance of surviving, but patients with advanced cancer may face a higher risk of recurrence. To maximize treatment options, doctors should perform a complete physical exam. A fiberoptic laryngoscopy is often recommended to detect cancer at an earlier stage.
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When the primary tumor has spread to lymph nodes in the neck, the diagnosis is called metastatic squamous neck cancer. The primary tumor may be located using a biopsy, but doctors can't always confirm the diagnosis. In this case, a diagnosis of occult metastatic squamous neck cancer is made. This type of cancer is treated in much the same way as cervical cancer that metastasized to lymph nodes.
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Treatment for squamous neck cancer depends on the stage and location of the disease. Patients may undergo a radical neck dissection, in which the entire neck is removed, or a modified radical neck dissection, which only removes certain areas of the tumor, including the lymph nodes and some neck tissue. Radiation therapy may also be used in some cases. The patient may require physical therapy to recover from the procedure.
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Metastatic squamous neck cancer is another form of squamous cell cancer. In this case, the cancer originates from another part of the body. It spreads from the primary organ to lymph nodes in the neck and other parts of the body. If you notice a lump in the throat or pain in the neck, it is likely that you have metastatic squamous neck cancer. However, you may not notice any symptoms until the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.
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The best way to find out if you are at risk for squamous neck cancer is to get checked by a specialist. A neck dissection can reduce radiation dose and improve histopathological risk stratification. A specialized surgeon may be able to detect a tumor with histopathology, which will increase your chances of survival. Further, there is a high risk for metastatic squamous neck cancer in patients with HPV.
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While PET-CT has limited positive predictive value for squamous cell carcinoma, it can be useful for identifying the primary site of cancer in unknown patients. In a study of 32 patients with negative PET-CT scans, six patients were found to have primary tumors after direct laryngoscopy. Of these patients, 56% had cancer in the tonsils while 25% had tumors in the base of the tongue. Another three patients had tumors in the nasopharynx or hypopharynx. This finding supports the use of PET-CT for NCUP before direct laryngoscopy.
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The tumor may have spread to lymph nodes, which are located in the neck. The lymph nodes in the neck are most commonly involved in cancer, though the cancer does not begin there. If the cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is considered metastatic. Squamous neck cancer is usually asymptomatic, or it may have spread to distant sites. However, in a few cases, the tumor has metastasized and spread to lymph nodes.
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There are two types of squamous cell cancer: low-risk and high-risk. Low-risk tumors are those that are less than ten millimeters across, are located within the fat surrounding them, and do not penetrate the tissue. High-risk tumors are those that involve the central face, the cheeks, the scalp, and the neck, and invade nearby structures. They are often recurrent, in immunosuppressed patients, and are invasive.
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A physician might suspect that the patient has metastatic squamous neck cancer if he/she notices a lump or pain in the neck. They may order a full range of diagnostic tests or refer the patient to a squamous neck cancer specialist. They may also collect medical history and symptoms, including any abnormalities. They may perform a physical examination to determine whether the mass is cancerous.
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Genetic abnormalities may play a significant role in the aggressive growth of metastatic squamous neck cancer. Genetic abnormalities may influence specific biochemical pathways, driving aggressive growth of cancer cells. Lifestyle factors may also influence the patient's response to treatment. Nutrition can enhance the effects of a particular treatment. In addition, it can negatively affect treatment and increase the risk of the cancer returning. The role of nutritional factors in the prognosis of squamous neck cancer is unclear, although dietary supplements can help improve the outcome.
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Treatment for NCUP often involves radiation therapy. It is a form of chemotherapy combined with radiation. This treatment consists of radiation to the tumor and surrounding tissues. Typically, radiation therapy involves intense doses of 66 to 70 Gy in weekly sessions, and a patient can experience side effects like dry mouth or difficulty swallowing. Internal radiation therapy, on the other hand, involves radioactive substances that are sealed in seeds, needles, or wires.
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