Squamous neck cancer is a type of cancer that affects the neck lymph nodes. It can also occur when the cancer cells are metastatic, which means that they have spread from another organ. In this case, doctors will focus their treatment on finding the primary tumor and treating the metastatic tumor in the same way as they would treat the primary cancer. This is an important distinction. Read on to learn more about Squamous neck cancer, and how to identify the symptoms of this type of cancer.
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Although the disease has a relatively high five-year survival rate, it should be remembered that the prognosis for patients with metastatic N1 and N2 squamous neck cancer is inferior to those with advanced disease and a higher risk of recurrence. Consequently, early diagnosis is essential. However, in cases where the disease has spread to other areas of the body, definitive treatment is necessary. Surgical and radiotherapeutic approaches have been effective in curing many cases. In rare cases, long-term repeat examinations may reveal the primary tumor in a stage that is still curable.
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If a primary tumor is suspected, it is important to obtain a biopsy from the nodes. A biopsy performed with ultrasound guidance will yield a high positive rate. If a solid mass is present, it is most likely to contain squamous cell carcinoma. Ideally, the pathologist will guide the clinical evaluation. He or she should be able to work closely with the primary physician and oncologist. This collaboration will ensure the best possible outcome for your cancer treatment.
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The most important preventative measure against this cancer is moderation in alcohol. While this may sound like a good thing, the cancer can also start in the lymph nodes and spread to other areas. This is known as metastatic squamous neck cancer. This type of cancer is not as common as invasive squamous cell carcinoma, but it should be taken seriously and treated with care. There is a cure for squamous neck cancer.
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A study published in Br J Cancer showed that capecitabine, a type of chemotherapy drug, was effective in treating recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer. It also showed that pemetrexed disodium, a form of chemotherapy, was also effective against squamous cell carcinoma. The study authors, Martinez-Trufero JP and Gooding WE, reported that pemetrexed disodium and capecitabine had the same effect on patients with metastatic or recurrent head and neck cancer.
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Pembrolizumab is another anti-cancer drug currently in trials for patients with HPV-related head and neck cancer. One phase I trial evaluated cetuximab with paclitaxel. The trial was completed in March 2012, and results were positive for patients treated with the combination. It was also used for patients with cancer resistant to cetuximab and platinum chemotherapy. It is unclear whether the combination will be effective in treating Squamous neck cancer.
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Treatment for Squamous neck cancer depends on its location, stage, and type. The primary location of the cancer also influences its behavior. A cancer in the vocal cords behaves very differently than one that is in the back of the tongue, which is an inch away from the vocal cords. It also affects thyroid hormone levels in the blood. This is the primary reason why radiation therapy to the neck may not be effective.
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Another treatment for squamous cell cancer is chemotherapy. It is usually given after surgery if the cancer has spread beyond the neck. This treatment may not be appropriate for patients with a weakened immune system or those who have undergone organ transplant. Treatments for squamous cell cancer may include systemic chemotherapy and targeted therapy drugs. Some patients may have the option to undergo cryotherapy if they do not wish to have surgery.
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People with precancerous skin lesions are at risk for squamous cell carcinoma. They are also more likely to have a second occurrence than those without precancerous lesions. Squamous cell cancer is also more likely to occur in those with weakened immune systems, including those who have leukemia or lymphoma, and people taking medications that suppress the immune system. Patients with certain medical conditions, including Xeroderma pigmentosum, are also at increased risk.
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While HNSCC has relatively few oncogenes, it still remains a serious condition and has limited therapeutic options. Recent genetic analyses have highlighted the fundamental roles of tumor suppressor pathways in preventing the development of squamous neck cancer. TP63 maintains the proliferative potential of basal keratinocytes, while NOTCH1 promotes granular and spinous cell differentiation.