Squamous neck cancer is the most common type of cervical cancer. It occurs in the neck, head, and face. Treatment varies by type and stage. In most cases, the disease is curable with surgical and radiotherapeutic approaches. The ASCO recommends a comprehensive physical examination and history. A fiberoptic laryngoscopy may be helpful in pinpointing the location of the cancer. Treatment options should be personalized to meet the needs of each patient.
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Most head and neck cancers start in squamous cells. These cells line the surface of the mouth, nose, and throat. Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common form of head and neck cancer. Salivary gland cancer is rare, but it does exist. These glands contain many different kinds of cancerous cells, including adenosquamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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In addition to the PDQ cancer information summary, other sources of information about Squamous neck cancer include the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the National Institute of Health, and the National Cancer Institute. PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of medical literature, and are not official policy statements of the NCI. This cancer information summary contains current information about treatment options for adult metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary. However, it is important to note that the guideline is intended to inform patients, not to provide formal guidelines or recommendations about how to treat cancer.
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Squamous cell cancer can also affect lymph nodes. Depending on the stage, a regional lymph node biopsy might be necessary. The node is removed if the cancer has spread deep into the lymph system. If the lymph nodes have become enlarged or hard, the tumor is removed. Afterward, they are examined under a microscope to identify if they contain cancer cells. The patient might also need radiation therapy.
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Detection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma is key to curing it and maintaining the function of the structures of the head and neck. Fine needle aspiration or core needle biopsy is commonly used to detect Squamous Neck Cancer. However, if a tumor has been found in a tissue sample, a biopsy is recommended to determine the exact location. Further, the otolaryngologist may recommend that a biopsy is done prior to direct laryngoscopy to confirm the diagnosis.
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Radiation therapy can be used as a form of treatment for Squamous Neck Cancer. It can be very effective if the cancer is in a localized area. However, it may not be effective if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes. Depending on the type and stage of Squamous Neck Cancer, radiation therapy may be necessary. Some patients can tolerate radiation therapy, but it can have side effects.
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Genetic instability and a tumor suppressor pathway have been identified as the primary risk factors for HNSCC. These pathways influence multiple aspects of the cancer's progression. Loss of nine chromosomes (p21) is a common abnormality, and the cancer suppressor gene ARF is involved in the process. Loss of these genes can lead to a plethora of symptoms. Genetic analyses have also revealed several chromosomal abnormalities in HNSCC.
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It is important to note that Squamous Neck Cancer can affect other parts of the body, including the genitals. Symptoms of the disease differ from one person to another, so photos are often misleading. A doctor can perform a biopsy to detect Squamous Neck Cancer at an early stage. If the tumor is detected early, it can be removed or surgically reconstructed. This may be done with the help of a dermatologist.
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In high-risk patients, radiation is an option. If radiation is ineffective or if a patient has positive margins, chemotherapy may be added. If the patient is unable to undergo surgery, a multidisciplinary team may use systemic chemotherapy along with radiation. In high-risk cases, immunotherapy targeting PD-1 receptor has shown promising results in patients with high-risk Squamous Cell Cancer. Clinical trials of immunotherapy are underway at Johns Hopkins.
