Symptoms of astrocytomas in childhood are usually not life-threatening and are often treatable, although they require surgery. A doctor will perform a physical examination to ensure the child is healthy and ask questions about any past illnesses. The doctors will also do a neurological examination to ensure that the brain is functioning properly. Treatment for childhood astrocytomas is usually surgery, which aims to remove the tumor in a way that preserves the function of the brain.
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While astrocytomas in childhood can develop anywhere in the central nervous system (CNS), most occur in the cerebrum, where they tend to grow. While the CNS is extremely complex and crowded, childhood glial tumors tend to be localized in the cerebrum, where high-grade astrocytomas often develop. When the tumour is high-grade, the tumor may also spread via the subarachnoid space. Only a small proportion of astrocytomas in children spread outside of the CNS.
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Although there is no single definitive cure for astrocytomas in childhood, there are a variety of treatments that may be used to treat it. One of these is surgery, which can remove most of the tumor, although it may not be possible to remove it entirely during an operation. For children with tumours in the cerebellum, surgery can damage the normal brain tissue. This is why the surgeons are often very cautious when operating on astrocytomas in childhood.
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Depending on the type of astrocytoma in childhood, treatments may vary. However, the mainstay of treatment is surgical resection. Surgical resection may be impossible in some cases. For example, surgery in the optic chiasm and hypothalamus is difficult and biopsies are generally not recommended. Some other factors can lead to a worse outcome, such as NF1 or WHO grade II astrocytomas.
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During the treatment, a child may receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Symptoms of astrocytomas vary from one child to another, but they can include atypical symptoms and a relapse of the tumor. Fortunately, with the correct treatment, the symptoms of astrocytoma in childhood can be treated effectively and safely. Whether the tumour is in the cortex or in the brainstem is crucial in determining the best course of action.
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The symptom of astrocytomas in childhood may be difficult to recognize because of their low-grade nature. These conditions may not be present at the first sign of astrocytoma in childhood. Symptoms can range from a soft spot on the top of the skull to a swelling of the head. These symptoms can be a sign of a tumor or of a brain disorder. If your child exhibits any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.
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Surgical resection is the main treatment option for children with astrocytoma. A surgeon aims to remove all the tumor, but sometimes the tumor cannot be removed entirely during the operation. If the tumor is in the brain stem, the surgery can damage the surrounding normal brain tissue. The overall survival rate of astrocytomas in childhood is about 30%. When surgical resection is required, the tumour must be surgically removed.
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Symptoms of astrocytomas in childhood may include a high-grade astrocytoma that has relapsed after treatment. Treatment for astrocytomas in childhood may be different than for astrocytoma in adults. The type and location of the tumor should be considered. If the cancer has spread, targeted therapy is a more effective option. A doctor should monitor the child's progress during the treatment to prevent the spread of the tumor.
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Symptoms of astrocytomas in childhood can vary greatly. The location of the tumor may affect a child's development and health. During the first few years of life, symptoms of astrocytomas in children may be mild or infrequent. Despite their severity, astrocytomas in childhood are highly treatable. The care team will evaluate the symptoms of the astrocytoma in a child and decide whether the treatment should be surgical or nonsurgical.
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When a child has a high-grade astrocytoma, it is likely to be recurrent. The tumor may recur in the same area as the original tumor or in other parts of the body. In such cases, the cancer may be asymptomatic or inoperable, but it is not a serious medical condition. It is often treated with surgery to preserve the child's appearance.