Patients with tracheobronchial tumors typically have symptoms that are related to the obstruction of the upper airway. These symptoms include cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and stridor, and are most frequently accompanied by respiratory problems. Symptoms related to adjacent structures of the lungs are less common and are often misinterpreted as signs of bronchitis or asthma.
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When a tracheal tumor blocks the airways, other treatments may be necessary. In some cases, surgery may be necessary. If surgery is not possible, the tumor may be removed using chemotherapy or cryoablation. Other treatments may be considered if the cancer has spread to other areas of the body or has not been diagnosed in time. Treatment for tracheobronchial tumors will depend on the grade and stage of the disease.
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Chemotherapy is another treatment option for tracheobronchial tumors. This treatment involves giving a light-sensitive drug to kill cancer cells. This drug is given in injections and begins working when the light is pointed at the tumor. The symptoms are usually temporary and can be managed with drugs. If the cancer spreads, patients may need to undergo several treatments to control the symptoms.
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Fortunately, tracheal neoplasms are rare, accounting for only 1% of all malignancies. In general, 80% of primary tracheal tumors are malignant, with adenotonsiasis and squamous cell carcinoma being the most common. Around 10% of tracheobronchial tumors are benign, and the majority of them are rounded. Most tumors are less than 2cm in diameter.
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There are several symptoms that may suggest the presence of tracheal cancer. Some include cough, wheezing, and cyanosis. A doctor should consider these symptoms as warning signs and refer patients to a hospital specialist. A physician will ask about your symptoms and order tests to confirm a diagnosis. The physician may also want to check if the tumor has spread to other parts of your body.
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Diagnosing a tracheal cancer is critical because a tracheal tumor can mimic symptoms of other cancers. While it is rare, symptoms may be a sign of a malignant neoplasm, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or a benign lung disorder. However, patients with symptoms suggestive of TBT should be investigated by a physician immediately.
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Papillomas are the most common form of benign tracheal tumors in children. These cauliflower-like tumors are believed to be caused by the human papilloma virus and may eventually turn cancerous. Hemangiomas are tumors that grow in tiny blood vessels and are not usually dangerous. Hemangiomas and papillomas can also affect the trachea in children. Chondromas are rarer, but they can also occur in the larynx and are caused by the human papilloma virus. The symptoms of papillomatosis include coughing, noisy breathing, and wheezing.
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When symptoms of papilloma occur, it is recommended to consult a physician immediately. The papilloma can cause serious complications such as air trapping, pneumonia, and atelectasis. The duration of these symptoms depends on where the tumor is located in the bronchial tree. A biopsy will be required if a tumor is found. Symptoms of papilloma may last for years.
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Malignant tumors of the trachea are generally more common than benign ones. The most common types of malignant TBT are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), small cell carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MUC). These tumors are most often associated with cigarette smoking. Some symptoms may also be associated with an increased risk of infection. In severe cases, there may be no tumors or no symptoms.
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Primary tracheal cancers are rare. Although smoking is strongly linked to tracheal cancer, other types of tracheal tumors are not related to smoking. Affected individuals may have a constant cough that is blood-tinged or that is hard to swallow. The vocal hoarseness may also be present. The airflow in the trachea is also affected, which causes a condition called stridor.
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The main difference between a benign and malignant tumor is their location. While almost all of these tumors arise in the same location, some are located in different parts of the trachea. Typically, malignant tracheobronchial tumors are located in the main bronchus or in the distal bronchi. If this occurs, it can lead to repeated lung infections and hemoptysis. During the diagnosis, patients will undergo fiberoptic bronchoscopy, which can directly observe the tumor.
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In addition to lung tumors, there is a small but significant group of benign tracheobronchial tumors. While these are extremely rare, they constitute less than 2% of all lung tumors. Although rare, they are nevertheless significant and can be difficult to distinguish from other types of lung cancers. Because they are often slow-growing, they may go undetected for months or even years.
