There are two types of treatment for Squamous Neck Cancer. Pembrolizumab and cetuximab are monoclonal antibodies that are used in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy. Pembrolizumab is used in patients with metastatic and recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Both drugs are effective in reducing the tumor size. This article provides an overview of these treatments.
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The treatment of metastatic squamous neck cancer depends on whether the disease has spread to lymph nodes in the neck. While a majority of patients with metastatic squamous cell cancer have metastasized from an initial primary tumor, some cases of squamous neck cancer may be occult. The management of patients with metastatic disease is individualized based on their age and location.
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Squamous neck cancer is a form of salivary gland cancer, affecting one in every 100,000 people in the United States. The cancer affects the glands that produce saliva, including the main salivary glands near the jawbone. A biopsy can help confirm the diagnosis of squamous cell cancer and the type of treatment. The primary site may be in the lymph nodes, but cancer does not start in these areas.
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HNSCC has several distinctive features. It is derived from stratified epithelium in the upper aerodigestive tract. It exhibits characteristic squamous differentiation. A well-differentiated tumour resembles a stratified epithelium. The cells are organized into layers and have irregular keratinization. The tumour's classic appearance is a pearl-shaped keratin tuft. In contrast, a poorly-differentiated tumour contains a large number of immature cells with minimal stratification.
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The next step in determining whether a mass is squamous cell carcinoma is cytologically-diagnostic testing. FNA is performed under ultrasound guidance and should be performed if the mass contains solid tissue. In the case of solid neck masses, a positive result means that the mass is squamous cell carcinoma. Repeated FNA may yield an additional increment. Ultimately, treatment for Squamous Neck Cancer depends on the location of the tumor.
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Squamous cell cancer can be metastatic, meaning it has spread to lymph nodes throughout the neck. It can also spread to distant organs. When the cancer has metastasized to lymph nodes in the neck, it settles in the tonsils, nasopharynx, base of the tongue, and nasopharynx. This is known as metastatic squamous cell cancer.
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After the primary treatment for Squamous Cell Cancer, the patient will undergo chemotherapy. The chemotherapy drugs are designed to kill cancer cells by interfering with their growth. In some cases, patients who have recurrent cancer may also undergo chemotherapy to help reduce the tumor's size. This type of treatment is only used in selected cases and may require ongoing follow-up. Although the best treatment for Squamous Neck Cancer is chemotherapy, it can also cause side effects.
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Patients with SCC may undergo a biopsy. This involves removing a small amount of the cancerous tissue and sending it for analysis. The doctor may need to remove a larger portion of the cancerous growth or the whole abnormal growth. The patient should attend follow-up visits with their physician after treatment because the cancer can return if left untreated.
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People with SCC should check for precancerous areas every month. Those with weakened immune systems should avoid being exposed to the sun during the peak hours of the day.
If the tumor is located on the neck, a surgeon may perform a Mohs surgery. This technique is best used for tumors that are larger than 2 cm or are infected along nerves beneath the skin. The Mohs method can be done after excision, but it is more complex than other types of surgery. A sample of the cancerous area will need to be sent to a laboratory for analysis.