A woman suffering from pelvic pain and abnormal bleeding may have a uterine sarcoma. A biopsy of the tissue can diagnose this type of cancer. Most women are diagnosed after undergoing a myomectomy or hysterectomy. Treatment includes surgical procedures such as a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Other treatment options may include chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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A uterine sarcoma forms in the muscle and tissue that support the uterus. It can develop anywhere in the body and is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells. While the disease does not affect all women equally, it is especially dangerous if it occurs during pregnancy. Patients should see a doctor if they notice any of the following symptoms:
Women with certain clinical features may have uterine polyps. In some cases, polyps may be mistaken for adenosarcoma. Uterine sarcomas should be surgically staged to determine their stage. The staging system was released by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (IFGO) in 2009.
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Abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting may be a sign of uterine sarcoma. Although it is uncommon to have a discharge without visible blood, it may be indicative of a uterine sarcoma. Your doctor may also perform pelvic examinations and ask you about your medical history. Imaging tests are also used to help diagnose this type of cancer. If any of these symptoms occur, your doctor will recommend an appropriate treatment.
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Fibroids are another cause of unusual bleeding. Women with fibroids may not have any symptoms of this cancer. However, a uterine sarcoma can cause an irregular menstrual cycle and may even be associated with a retinoblastoma gene. Women with obesity are at an increased risk of developing this type of cancer. Further, it can affect the organs that surround the uterus.
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The progression of uterine sarcoma is based on the extent of its spread to nearby tissues. In some cases, it has spread to lymph nodes or distant parts of the body. The cancer cells in the pelvic region have reached lymph nodes, tissues surrounding the uterus, and the surrounding organs. Although this type of cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the tumors have not yet metastasized outside the pelvis.
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In a clinical trial, patients with uterine sarcoma can receive a combination of different types of chemotherapy. One type of chemotherapy, called systemic chemotherapy, targets rapidly dividing cancer cells. Chemotherapy can shrink the tumor and relieve the symptoms of advanced cancer. The most common form of chemotherapy, however, is systemic. However, it is possible to receive localized treatments as well.
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People affected by uterine sarcoma can ask their doctor or healthcare team to perform tests to evaluate their risk for developing the disease. After diagnosis, a doctor will recommend a course of treatment based on their health, cancer type, and results of tests. Treatment goals may include cure, control, and relief of symptoms. Patients are encouraged to discuss their treatment options with their healthcare team, as they are able to make informed decisions.
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Patients with advanced stages of uterine sarcoma may undergo a radical hysterectomy to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue. This procedure involves removal of the uterus, the upper part of the vagina, and the fallopian tubes. Lymph nodes will also be removed and sent for histopathology. The treatment plan for women with uterine sarcoma will depend on the type and location of the tumor.