Uterine sarcoma is a rare form of cancer that forms in the uterus. This cancer occurs when cells begin to grow out of control and spread throughout the body. The symptoms of uterine sarcoma may be triggered by a variety of causes, including a precancerous overgrowth of the endometrium or other conditions. Scientists are unsure of what causes uterine sarcoma but research is ongoing to find the cause and how to treat it.
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Uterine sarcomas are highly malignant tumors that originate from the smooth muscle and connective tissue elements of the uterus. Though uterine sarcomas account for less than 1% of all gynecological cancers, they make up as much as three percent of all uterine malignancies. These cancers are diagnosed in post-menopausal women, between the ages of 50 and 70. Because they rarely cause any symptoms before they develop, pre-operative diagnosis is difficult.
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If you develop uterine sarcoma symptoms, you should contact your doctor. Treatment for uterine cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and whether it has spread to nearby tissues. Surgery remains the most effective treatment for uterine sarcoma, according to Dr. Alessandro Santin, co-chief of the Section of Gynecologic Oncology and disease aligned research team leader of the Gynecology Program at Smilow Cancer Hospital.
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During the diagnosis of uterine sarcoma, your doctor will perform a physical exam and take a medical history. Pelvic examination includes examining the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and cervix. A transvaginal ultrasound is also recommended. Using a transducer to capture images of soft tissue structures, ultrasound can reveal if a patient has uterine sarcoma or not.
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Patients with uterine sarcoma typically develop pelvic pain when diagnosed. In addition, some women experience a mass in the uterus, which is often felt by the doctor and patient. They may also experience fullness in the abdomen or have difficulty urinating. However, these symptoms may be symptomatic of other conditions, such as endometrial cancer. Patients should be evaluated immediately if they experience any of these symptoms.
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If the symptoms of uterine sarcoma are similar to those of endometrial cancer, treatment will be similar. In most cases, a hysterectomy and BSO to remove the fallopian tubes are performed. In addition to surgery, women may undergo oral contraceptives to protect themselves against the disease. It is important to note that chemotherapy is not a cure for uterine sarcoma.
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Because most cases of uterine sarcoma are detected at an advanced stage, preoperative diagnosis can be difficult. The symptoms of uterine sarcoma are often vague. Nevertheless, a vaginal examination should help determine whether the mass is malignant. The size, shape, and mobility of the uterus are important factors in determining whether it is leiomyosarcoma. A fixed mass may be suggestive of a malignancy, but it can also be caused by endometriosis or pelvic infection. Nevertheless, no exam can differentiate between leiomyoma and uterine sarcoma.
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In addition to physical examination, a doctor will likely perform a CT or MRI to detect the disease. A doctor may also recommend preoperative systemic treatment if a patient's symptoms are consistent with a uterine sarcoma. The standard treatment for uterine sarcoma is total abdominal hysterectomy with oophorectomy. Early-stage sarcoma may require preservation of the ovaries.
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While most uterine cancers originate in the lining of the uterus, a rare type of cancer starts in the muscle layer that connects the lining to the uterus. While uterine sarcomas are not equally aggressive, they can be classified by their location. This will allow doctors to see where they've spread. If symptoms persist, patients should seek medical attention.
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High-grade ESS is a rare form of uterine sarcoma. It can be as large as 9 cm and may extend extrauterine. The tumor may also contain haemorrhagic or necrotic areas. Because uterine sarcoma is so rare, treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. The tumors begin in the supporting tissue of the endometrium.
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