A woman's first step to find out if she has cervical cancer is to get a pelvic exam. This exam involves placing a woman in stirrups and a speculum. The doctor will then look at the cervix and pelvic lymph nodes, examining them for cancer. For upper vaginal cancer, the doctor may remove lymph nodes from the pelvic area or from the groin. In cases of lower vaginal cancer, a trachelectomy (removal of the uterus) is performed.
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Other treatments may be required. Treatment for vaginal cancer depends on the stage of the disease and the general health of the patient. Surgical methods include internal radiation therapy (IRT), which involves the placement of radioactive material in the tumour to destroy it and relieve symptoms. Patients who are unable to undergo surgery may also undergo palliative treatments, which aim to improve quality of life and reduce pain. Assisted reproductive techniques, such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), can also be used. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) and ICSI, which involve fertilisation of the egg outside the body, are other options for women with vaginal cancer.
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Treatment options for vaginal cancer depend on its stage. Stage I involves tumors that have not spread to nearby structures or lymph nodes. Stage II involves cancer that has spread to distant organs and structures. Treatment for stage III cancer may involve chemotherapy or radiation. It is important to note that surgery is the preferred choice for most women. Although surgery is the most popular form of treatment for vaginal cancer, it is still a major step towards the cancer recovery process.
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The primary risk factor for vaginal cancer is HPV infection. If you develop HPV during pregnancy, you are also at risk for developing the disease. The risk of vaginal cancer is high among women of reproductive age and those exposed to DES in the womb. Treatment options for vaginal cancer include radiation therapy, surgery, or chemotherapy. For women who are at high risk for the disease, there are also a number of other risk factors, including the presence of abnormal cells in the cervix or uterus.
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However, despite the increased risk of developing vaginal cancer, some women may not experience symptoms for several years. Early signs and symptoms of the disease may be mistaken for other medical problems. While the signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer are similar to those of other health conditions, they are more common in women with a history of the disease. In addition to these symptoms, vaginal cancer can be detected during a routine pelvic exam or Pap test.
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When you suspect you have vaginal cancer, your doctor will do a colposcopy to examine the cervix. The colposcopy is a surgical procedure that uses a small camera (colposcope) to examine the vagina and cervix. If it reveals abnormal cells, a biopsy will be conducted to determine whether you have cancer. Once the biopsy is completed, a pathologist will analyze the tissue sample.
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The cancer may spread from the place of origin to other areas of the body. Cancer cells break away from the primary tumor and travel through the blood and lymph system to spread to other parts of the body. If it spreads beyond the vagina, it may recur. Symptoms of vaginal cancer should be noted immediately and an accurate diagnosis is vital for a woman's survival. If it spreads from the vagina, treatment may be necessary.
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When you suspect a diagnosis of vaginal cancer, your doctor will likely recommend treatment options. Treatments for vaginal cancer can include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Your doctor will use multidisciplinary teams that consist of clinical oncologists, surgeons, and cancer nurses to make a recommendation. However, the final decision will be made by you and your doctor. If symptoms persist, your physician may consider palliative care, which aims to improve your quality of life while relieving the pain and discomfort caused by the cancer.
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Treatment for vaginal cancer depends on the type of cell in the affected area, the stage of the cancer, and the patient's age. Young women without children are typically treated differently, to preserve their fertility. Your doctor will decide which treatment is best for you, and how to proceed. For early non-advanced cancer, surgery may be enough. During the surgery, healthy tissue will be removed as a margin, reducing the likelihood of the cancer coming back. Additionally, your doctor may remove lymph nodes.
